Touched by technology: automated tactile stimulation in the treatment of apnoea of prematurity

Abstract

One of the challenges preterm infants face is maintaining a rhythmic and stable breathing pattern to ensure effective gas exchange. Due to the immaturity of both their lungs and brains, they often experience irregular breathing and frequent episodes of apnoea. Although apnoea of prematurity usually resolves with maturation, it can lead to serious consequences, including brain damage, developmental delays, and an increased risk of mortality.

Tactile stimulation, such as rubbing the infant’s foot or back, is the most commonly used response to apnea and has been recommended for many years. However, this dissertation shows that it is challenging for caregivers to respond quickly and consistently. Therefore, the overall aim of this dissertation was to investigate whether automated tactile stimulation — enabling immediate intervention — could provide a solution for both patients and caregivers. The findings demonstrate that mechanical stimulation can shorten and prevent apneas, with earlier application proving more effective and requiring lower intensity.

Since no automated devices are currently available for clinical use, a novel device was developed and tested, demonstrating clinical feasibility and short-term safety. Together, these studies lay the foundation for further development of automated tactile stimulation devices and highlight the potential of technological innovation to improve neonatal care.