New approaches to imaging and treatment of ocular melanoma

Brouwer, N.J. (2022)

Doctoral Thesis

Ocular melanoma is a rare disease that originates from melanocytes in the eye. It is the most prevalent primary ocular malignancy in adults, and has a high metastatic rate. Two important questions for good patient care are: 1) How to differentiate between (benign) nevi, and (malignant) melanoma?, and 2) How to treat this tumor best, particularly in cases with metastases?
This thesis addresses two types of ocular melanoma: melanoma of the internal parts of the eye (uveal melanoma) and melanoma of the mucous membrane covering the eye (conjunctival melanoma). This thesis combines patient-related projects with projects from the lab.
With new imaging techniques we demonstrate that oxygen values differ in eyes with melanoma compared to other eyes including those with a nevus. We use OCT-angiography to depict tumour vessels non-invasively in conjunctival and iris lesions. These two techniques may be used in the future to differentiate lesions, and to monitor patients after treatment.
With studies in the lab we show that new drugs (immunotherapy) that are recently used in cutaneous melanoma, can also be used to treat conjunctival melanoma. We show that vascular growth in uveal melanoma is related to other (genetic and immunologic) characteristics, providing new clues for therapy.

• Melanoma
• Uveal melanoma
• Conjunctival melanoma
• Eye cancer
• Angiogenesis
• Tumour immunology
• Immunotherapy
• OCT-angiography

• All authors: Brouwer, N.J.
• Supervisor: Jager, M.J.; Luyten, G.P.M.
• Committee: Schalij-Delfos, N.E.; Heegaard, S; Heindl, L.M.; Naus, N.C.; Vavvas, D.G.
• Qualification: Doctor (dr.)
• Awarding Institution: Faculty of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden University
• Date: 2022-04-13
• ISBN (print): 9789493108325