Capturing venous thromboembolism: imaging and outcomes of venous thromboembolism

Jong, C.M.M. de (2026)

Doctoral Thesis

This thesis focuses on capturing venous thromboembolism (VTE) with diagnostic imaging tests and capturing outcomes of VTE.
In the first part, novel imaging techniques for diagnosing VTE are discussed, specifically in situations where the diagnosis is challenging. Evaluation of the clinical application of magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging (MRDTI), a novel non-invasive MRI technique, illustrated the feasibility of use of the technique in daily practice and its impact on clinical decision making.
In the second part, outcomes of care for VTE patients were evaluated. The emphasis is on measurement and better understanding of the impact of VTE on patients’ lives. Therefore, the focus – both in clinical practice and in research – should shift towards outcomes that matter. The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs; self-reported questionnaires) to assess patient-perceived health outcomes could help tailor care to the needs and values of individual patients. To evaluate which outcomes are most important to patients, a standardised set of outcomes and PROMs for use in clinical practice was developed during the ICHOM-VTE project. Moreover, assessment of quality of life and functional limitations after VTE are addressed in this thesis. Lastly, anticoagulation-associated abnormal menstrual bleeding and long-term complications after COVID-19-associated pulmonary embolism were studied.

• Venous thromboembolism
• Deep vein thrombosis
• Pulmonary embolism
• Diagnostic imaging
• Magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging
• Patient-centered care
• Patient-reported outcome measures
• Quality of life
• Post-Venous thromboembolism Functional Status scale
• Post-COVID-19 Functional Status scale

• All authors: Jong, C.M.M. de
• Supervisor: Klok, F.A.; Huisman, M.V.
• Co-supervisor: Siegerink, B.
• Committee: Cannegieter, S.C.; Kamphuisen, P.W.; Hout, W.B. van den; Beishuizen, E.D.
• Qualification: Doctor (dr.)
• Awarding Institution: Faculty of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden University
• Date: 2026-01-22
• ISBN (print): 9789465228556
• Sponsorship: The ICHOM-VTE project was supported from unrestricted grants from Bayer, Boston Scientific, The Dutch Thrombosis Association, Leiden University Medical Center, Leo Pharma, and King's College London. One study was conducted within the Dutch COVID & Thrombosis Coalition, which is supported by The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw project number 10430012010004) and the Dutch Thrombosis Association (project number 2020_A). This study was supported by an unrestricted grant from Johnson & Johnson. Financial support for printing this thesis was kindly provided by Trombosestichting Nederland, Federatie van Nederlandse Trombosediensten, ChipSoft, Daiichi Sankyo Nederland B.V., Stago BNL, VarmX and Viatris.