Toute forme de gestion ou d'aménagement des ressources fourragères pour les éleveurs dans la zone semi-aride au Sahel commence obligatoirement par l'appréciation d'un certain nombre de variables et... Show moreToute forme de gestion ou d'aménagement des ressources fourragères pour les éleveurs dans la zone semi-aride au Sahel commence obligatoirement par l'appréciation d'un certain nombre de variables et notamment leur variabilité dans l'espace et dans le temps. Cette variabilité est la source d'une vaste gamme de risques. L'auteur entend montrer comment les risques forment le canevas des stratégies d'utilisation et de gestion des pâturages, et même des modes d'appropriation et des droits d'accès. Les interventions extérieures dans les stratégies d'utilisation et la gestion des pâturages peuvent non seulement avoir un impact important sur la profitabilité des stratégies des éleveurs, mais aussi sur les modes d'appropriation et les droits d'accès. La présente communication traite des sujets suivants face au risque: la production pastorale, la stratégie de la mobilité ou celle de l'investissement dans les êtres humains afin d'amoindrir le risque pour le groupe, l'évaluation des résultats des investissements, la prise de décision par les unités de production, les investissements et les droits d'accès. Show less
This collective volume discusses social change and ecological and cultural adaptation among the Fulbe of West Africa. The introduction is by Victor Azarya. Part 1 (Ethnicity) contains chapters by... Show moreThis collective volume discusses social change and ecological and cultural adaptation among the Fulbe of West Africa. The introduction is by Victor Azarya. Part 1 (Ethnicity) contains chapters by Roger Blench (the question of why there are so many pastoral groups in East Africa whereas in West Africa the Fulbe are the only major pastoralist group); Al-Amin Abu-Manga (diversity among the Fulbe of Sudan); Anneke Breedveld (prototypes and ethnic categorization: on the terms 'Pullo' and 'Fulbe' in Maasina, Mali); Catherine Vereecke (ethnic change and continuity among the Fulbe of Aadamaawa emirate, Nigeria); Thierno Diallo (sociopolitical structure of the traditional society of Fuuta Jaloo). Part 2 (Ecology and politics) contains chapters by Thomas J. Bassett and Zu‚li Koli Bi (Fulbe livestock raising in C“te d'Ivoire); Jean Boutrais (improved veterinary techniques in Aadamaawa, Cameroon); Antje van Driel (Fulbe relations with Dendi agriculturalists in Benin); Youssouf Diallo (Fulbe-Senufo relations in C“te d'Ivoire); Han van Dijk (ecological insecurity in the Niger Bend). Part 3 (Social transformation) contains chapters by Philip Burnham (social change in Fulbe society); Mirjam de Bruijn (insecurity in Fulbe society in Mali); Thierno Bah (decline of pastoralism in Fuuta Jaloo); Jean Schmitz (the eviction of Fulbe from the Mauritanian Senegal River bank in 1989); John Hanson (historical analysis of Fulbe presence in Kaarta, Mali). The contributions by Thierno Diallo, Jean Boutrais, Youssouf Diallo, Thierno Bah and Jean Schmitz are in French Show less
This thesis gives an overview of the Maasai livestock economy as it has developed between 1890 and 1990. Particularly, it analyses the processes and policies of land use and landownership of the... Show moreThis thesis gives an overview of the Maasai livestock economy as it has developed between 1890 and 1990. Particularly, it analyses the processes and policies of land use and landownership of the Maasai pastoral areas in Kajiado district, Kenya, from the arrival of the Europeans until the recent massive individualization of land tenure. The loss of grazing pastures due to increased cultivation, the establishment of game parks and mineral exploitation is said to undermine the livestock economy of Maasai pastoralists in Kajiado district. Furthermore, the recent subdivision of group ranches into too small individual holdings, it is feared, will result in the selling of land to outsiders. This study examines the outcome of this process as well as the Maasai response of economic intensification and diversification, including increasing the productivity of the herd, cultivation, wage employment, outmigration, etc. Fieldwork for the study was carried out in 1988-1989. Show less
