Weinig hedendaagse bezoekers zullen het zich realiseren. Het Rodos of Kos dat zij tijdens hunzonvakantie bezoeken mag voor hen dan door en door ‘Grieks’ ogen, maar de eilanden behoren pas sinds... Show moreWeinig hedendaagse bezoekers zullen het zich realiseren. Het Rodos of Kos dat zij tijdens hunzonvakantie bezoeken mag voor hen dan door en door ‘Grieks’ ogen, maar de eilanden behoren pas sinds 1947 daadwerkelijk tot Griekenland. Daarvoor waren ze meer dan drie decennia koloniaal bezit van Italië. Bij het grote publiek zijn die jaren van de zogenaamde Isole Italiane dell’ Egeo (1912-1943) nog maar weinig bekend. Toch heeft de Italiaanse overheersing een zeer bepalende invloed gehad op de aanblik van de moderne Dodekánisos. Alle reden om anno 2022 – 75 jaar na de formele aansluiting bij Griekenland – in een tweeluik op zoek te gaan naar het verhaal achter dit koloniale verleden en haar architectonische erfenis. Deel I: Rodos, de metamorfose van een eiland. Show less
Following Ingold's dwelling perspective, the world comes into being because an organism/person is continuously interacting with his/her environment through bodily activity. Ingold contrasts... Show moreFollowing Ingold's dwelling perspective, the world comes into being because an organism/person is continuously interacting with his/her environment through bodily activity. Ingold contrasts dwelling with building; in the latter, people construct the world cognitively before they can live in it. In this paper, we add the concept of 'lodging' to refer to a situation in which people live in an environment that contains increasing dominating powers. Under the influence of conservation and the implementation of a Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) programme, with a strong focus on tourism, the environment of the Ju/'hoansi Bushmen of the Nyae Nyae Conservancy in Namibia has changed dramatically. In this paper, we use various examples to show how the environment has become more dominant, often in very subtle ways. We argue that the Ju/'hoansi do not dwell as they used to, but lodge instead in an environment that is increasingly influenced by CBNRM and tourism activities. Some of the Ju/'hoansi's agency has become limited to acquiescing; they passively adapt to and cope with the changes in their environment, while others have shown a more active adaptation strategy. Show less
During the last 30 years, our understanding of the nation-building process in various parts of Europe and across the globe has increased substantially. Some of the most important results of this... Show moreDuring the last 30 years, our understanding of the nation-building process in various parts of Europe and across the globe has increased substantially. Some of the most important results of this growing body of studies will be discussed in this review article, which consists of four parts. First, I will examine some innovative trends in the field of nationalism studies, such as the growing attention for the impact of nationalism on popular culture and the interplay between regional and national identities. The second part makes clear that the overwhelming majority of existing studies deals with one region or nation, while taking the national framework for granted. By presenting the history of Europe as a collection of (isolated) national histories, most scholars still fall prey to a methodological nationalism. One way to overcome this (implicit) methodological nationalism is to analyse the impact of foreign tourism on the construction and diffusion of national and regional identities. The role of tourism in the construction of territorial identities has already been explored in a growing number of studies. Some of the most important contributions to this field will be reviewed in the third part. Finally, I will argue that the impact of foreign visitors on the nation-building process can best be studied in a comparative way by focusing on local communities as the arena in which the outside influences of an international, national and regional level came together and demanded a local response. Show less
Dwelling in Tourism highlights how marginalised Bushmen people are in the middle of a struggle between traditional en modern forces. Tourism, as an important element of conservation strategies, is... Show moreDwelling in Tourism highlights how marginalised Bushmen people are in the middle of a struggle between traditional en modern forces. Tourism, as an important element of conservation strategies, is a phenomenon built on both, and therefore reveals those struggles and shows how the marginalised status of Bushmen is interwoven with relations of power and myths. Seen from the dwelling perspective as the main theoretical starting point, many tourism environments in four case studies are described, three in Namibia and one in South Africa. All too often Bushmen are considered natural ecologists in need of protection, while in reality they are participants of modernisation with their own agency. Show less
Studies of cultural tourism and indigenous identity are fraught with questions concerning exploitation, entitlement, ownership and authenticity. Unease with the idea of leveraging a group identity... Show moreStudies of cultural tourism and indigenous identity are fraught with questions concerning exploitation, entitlement, ownership and authenticity. Unease with the idea of leveraging a group identity for commercial gain is ever-present. This anthology articulates some of these debates from a multitude of standpoints. It assimilates the perspectives of members of indigenous communities, non-governmental organizations, tourism practitioners and academic researchers who participated in an action research project that aims to link research to development outcomes. The book's authors weave together discordant voices to create a dialogue of sorts, an endeavour to reconcile the divergent needs of the stakeholders in a way that is mutually beneficial. Although this book focuses on the ?Khomani Bushmen and the Zulu communities of Southern Africa, the issues raised are ubiquitous to the cultural tourism industry anywhere. Show less
Beek, W.E.A. van; Rutten, M.M.E.M.; Spierenburg, M. 2008
'Partnership' is the new keyword in donor-community circles, and multilateral organizations and national departments responsible for development cooperation both seem to have embraced the conccept... Show more'Partnership' is the new keyword in donor-community circles, and multilateral organizations and national departments responsible for development cooperation both seem to have embraced the conccept of 'public-private partneships'. This paper is the first in a series that examines partnerships in ecotourism initiatives in the Maasai region of Kenya, i.e. Kajiado, Narok and Trans Mara Districts. A discussion of the partnership concept is followed by a brief introduction to wildlife-based tourism in Kajiado District. Subsequently, two public-private partnerships - the Kimana and Selengei group ranches - are presented. A detailed analysis of the origins and development of these wildlife-based ecotourism projects tries to answer the main research question about the extent to which these partnerships are genuinely community-based and potentially successful alternatives for livestock-keeping communities. [Book abstract] Show less
Reizigers komen al heel lang naar het Dogongebied in Mali. Het eerste hotel in Sangha bijvoorbeeld dateert al van vóór de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Door zijn visuele rijkdom en de erkenning als... Show moreReizigers komen al heel lang naar het Dogongebied in Mali. Het eerste hotel in Sangha bijvoorbeeld dateert al van vóór de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Door zijn visuele rijkdom en de erkenning als Werelderfgoed door de UNESCO is het Dogongebied een bezienswaardigheid geworden. Tot aan de laatste decennia, toen de economie van Mali geliberaliseerd werd, heeft het land het toerisme als een staatsbedrijf geëxploiteerd. Sindsdien zijn privé-hotels gebouwd en is de toegang tot de falaise-dorpen verbeterd. Maar ook al komen er nog zo regelmatig toeristen in de Dogondorpen, het dagelijks leven van de meeste Dogon speelt zich af zonder enige verwijzing naar deze blanke aanwezigheid. Het toerisme definieert de Dogon niet als marginalen, aan de rand van de wereld, maar juist in het centrum ervan. De Dogon hebben de aantrekkingskracht van hun gebied tot onderdeel gemaakt van hun eigen waardering van hun cultuur. Zo wordt het toerisme een factor in de versterking van de eigen cultuur, zoals te zien is aan de maskerdansen. Noten. [Samenvatting ASC Leiden] Show less
In 1996 the Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS) embarked on a "Parks beyond Parks" programme, which aimed to bring some of the benefits of wildlife tourism to the local population. Under this programme,... Show moreIn 1996 the Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS) embarked on a "Parks beyond Parks" programme, which aimed to bring some of the benefits of wildlife tourism to the local population. Under this programme, local people were allowed to start tented camps and other tourist activities in areas bordering national parks. The present paper discusses the development of a new ecotourism initiative in the Selengei region, bordering Amboseli National Park, in Kajiado District. An overview of the history of wildlife conservation and tourism in Southern Kajiado District is followed by a detailed description of the Eselenkei Conservation Area initiative. The conclusion is that, although KWS presents the development of wildlife sanctuaries as a new form of "partnership" with the local Maasai population, the case of Selengei shows that in order to be truly community-based, certain conditions should be met. The benefits to be gained by the Selengei Maasai were still uncertain in 2000. [ASC Leiden abstract] Show less
In 1996 the Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS) embarked on a "Parks beyond Parks" programme, which aimed to bring some of the benefits of wildlife tourism to the local population. Local people were... Show moreIn 1996 the Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS) embarked on a "Parks beyond Parks" programme, which aimed to bring some of the benefits of wildlife tourism to the local population. Local people were allowed to start tented camps and other tourist activities in areas bordering national parks. The present paper discusses the development of a new ecotourism initiative in the Selengei region, bordering Amboseli National Park, in Kajiado District. An overview of the history of wildlife conservation and tourism in Southern Kajiado District is followed by a detailed description of the Eselenkei Conservation Area initiative. The conclusion is that, although KWS presents the development of wildlife sanctuaries as a new form of "partnership" with the local Maasai population, the case of Selengei shows that in order to be truly community-based, certain conditions should be met. The benefits to be gained by the Selengei Maasai were still uncertain in 2000. Includes bibliographical references and notes. [ASC Leiden abstract] Show less
In deze verzamelbundel geven negen Nederlands auteurs, allen kenners van het leven in Afrika, een veelzijdig beeld van het continent, waarin nu eens niet oorlog, honger en ziekte centraal staan,... Show moreIn deze verzamelbundel geven negen Nederlands auteurs, allen kenners van het leven in Afrika, een veelzijdig beeld van het continent, waarin nu eens niet oorlog, honger en ziekte centraal staan, maar veel positiefs wordt gemeld. Met bijdragen van: Ineke van Kessel (de sociale situatie van kinderen in Afrika); Nina Tellegen (kleinschalige bedrijvigheid op het platteland van Malawi); Adri van den Berg (overlevingsstrategieën van vrouwen in Afrika); Marcel Rutten (toerisme in Afrika, met name Kenia); Ineke van Kessel (democratisering in Afrika); Meine Pieter van Dijk (de stedelijke informele sector in West-Afrika); Martin Meulenberg en Thomas Gesthuizen (de opkomst van hiphop in Afrika); Chris Reij (landbouwvernieuwing op de Afrikaanse manier); Paul Hebinck (economische en sociale gevolgen van AIDS en enkele hoopgevende signalen); Jan Abbink (jeugd en religie). De foto's in het boek zijn van fotografen uit Afrika en Nederland. Het boek is tot stand gekomen op initiatief van de Stichting Afrika-Europa 2000+, die als doel heeft de beeldvorming van Afrika positief bij te stellen. Show less
Encounters between foreign tourists and people of different cultural background become very common in a globalized world. The nature of this exchange in cultural terms relates questions of... Show moreEncounters between foreign tourists and people of different cultural background become very common in a globalized world. The nature of this exchange in cultural terms relates questions of identity construction and the emergence or creation of difference. This article addresses tourist-'native' encounters in a semiotic perspective, which helps to reveal its essentially contested aspects. The empirical study relates to the Suri people of southern Ethiopia, a small ethnic group of agropastoralists only recently 'discovered' by tourists and displaying notable aggression towards them. Suri reject their role in the 'tourist game' of creating a realist experience of the Other, and staunchly assert their own identity and would-be equality vis-á-vis these affluent visitors Show less
