The adenoviruses (AdVs) isolated from humans are taxonomically grouped in seven different species in the Mastadenovirus genus (HAdV-A through G). AdVs isolated from apes are often included in one... Show moreThe adenoviruses (AdVs) isolated from humans are taxonomically grouped in seven different species in the Mastadenovirus genus (HAdV-A through G). AdVs isolated from apes are often included in one of the human AdV species. Here we describe the sequence analyses of ten new AdVs that are related to the HAdV-C species and that were isolated from healthy western lowland gorillas, bonobos, chimpanzees, and orangutans kept in Dutch zoos. We analyzed these viruses and compared their genome sequences to those of human- and ape-derived AdV sequences in the NCBI GenBank database. Our data demonstrated that the ape-derived viruses clustering to HAdV-C are markedly distinct from the human HAdV-C species in the size and nucleotide composition (%GC) of their genome, differ in the amino-acid sequence of AdV proteins, and have longer RGD-loops in their penton-base proteins. The viruses form three well-separated clades (the human, the gorilla, and the combined group of the bonobo and chimpanzee viruses), and we propose that these should each be given species-level ranks. The Ad-lumc005 AdV isolated from orangutans was found to be very similar to the gorilla AdVs, and bootstrap inference provided evidence of recombination between the orangutan AdV and the gorilla AdVs. This suggests that this virus may not be a genuine orangutan AdV but may have been transferred from a gorilla to an orangutan host. Show less
Non-human primate (NHP)-derived adenoviruses have formed a valuable alternative for the use of human adenoviruses in vaccine development and gene therapy strategies by virtue of the low... Show moreNon-human primate (NHP)-derived adenoviruses have formed a valuable alternative for the use of human adenoviruses in vaccine development and gene therapy strategies by virtue of the low seroprevalence of neutralizing immunity in the human population. The more recent use of several human adenoviruses as oncolytic agents has exhibited excellent safety profiles and firm evidence of clinical efficacy. This proffers the question whether NHP-derived adenoviruses could also be employed for viral oncolysis in human patients. While vaccine vectors are conventionally made as replication-defective vectors, in oncolytic applications replication-competent viruses are used. The data on NHP-derived adenoviral vectors obtained from vaccination studies can only partially support the suitability of NHP-derived adenoviruses for use in oncolytic virus therapy. In addition, the use of NHP-derived adenoviruses in humans might be received warily given the recent zoonotic infections with influenza viruses and coronaviruses. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences between human- and NHP-derived adenoviruses in view of their use as oncolytic agents. These include their genome organization, receptor use, replication and cell lysis, modulation of the host's immune responses, as well as their pathogenicity in humans. Together, the data should facilitate a rational and data-supported decision on the suitability of NHP-derived adenoviruses for prospective use in oncolytic virus therapy. Show less
Denman, D.; Wilson, N.J.; Munro, N.; Kim, J.H.; Speyer, R.; Cordier, R. 2020
y This study investigated speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) perceptions of factors that influence application of a new taxonomy with terminology for describing child language assessment and... Show morey This study investigated speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) perceptions of factors that influence application of a new taxonomy with terminology for describing child language assessment and identified strategies that may facilitate use of taxonomy terminology to collect data on SLP assessment practice. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 SLPs and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified in relation to factors that may influence application including applying the taxonomy is arduous, contextual factors may influence application, and SLP experience and knowledge may influence application. Participants identified a number of strategies to facilitate use of taxonomy by SLPs. Findings from this study give insight into the factors that influence SLPs' application of a taxonomy of assessment terms. These findings are important for all SLPs in the child language field to consider if the profession is to be effective in establishing greater consistency in use of professional terminology. Show less
Bouman, R.W.; Kessler, P.J.A.; Welzen, P.C. van 2019
Two species of Phyllanthus collected and described by Koorders during his travels on the island of Sulawesi(Indonesia) are lectotypified, descriptions amended and their taxonomic affinity is... Show moreTwo species of Phyllanthus collected and described by Koorders during his travels on the island of Sulawesi(Indonesia) are lectotypified, descriptions amended and their taxonomic affinity is discussed. Phyllanthus mindorensis was found to be too similar to P. celebicus and is placed in the synonymy of the latter. A key is provided to the species of Phyllanthus on Sulawesi. Show less
Within the morphologically diverse pantropical genus Phyllanthus, many subgenera, sections and subsectionsare recognized. While most taxonomic revisions often focus on local floras, closely related... Show moreWithin the morphologically diverse pantropical genus Phyllanthus, many subgenera, sections and subsectionsare recognized. While most taxonomic revisions often focus on local floras, closely related and often resemblingspecies are not always treated in full. Subgenus Macraea is here revised for the first time over its wholedistribution, including an identification key and descriptions of its species with distributions, ecology, uses andvernacular names. The currently acknowledged varieties of Phyllanthus distichus are rejected due to inadequatemorphological differences. Phyllanthus panayensis is synonymized with P. lancifolius. Phyllanthus alpestris hasnow become a variety of P. glaucophyllus because of the resemblance in morphology and distribution. The species complex around Phyllanthus virgatus remains taxonomically difficult, but Phyllanthus virgatus var. gardnerianus and Phyllanthus virgatus var. hirtellus are here recognized on the species level as P. gardnerianus, stat nov. and P. tararae, stat & nom. nov. A new species from the Philippines, Phyllanthus ridsdalei, is described. Show less
The subject of this paper is the study of the pre-Linnaean herbarium of Paolo Boccone (1633–1704) which is kept in Leiden (the Netherlands) and its connections with two works of the same author:... Show moreThe subject of this paper is the study of the pre-Linnaean herbarium of Paolo Boccone (1633–1704) which is kept in Leiden (the Netherlands) and its connections with two works of the same author: the imprinted herbarium kept in Paris in the Bibliothèques Interuniversitaires de Médecine and the printed volume “Icones et Descriptiones” of 1674. By means of the comparative analysis of the three works we have verified the existence of numerous similarities (even a complete overlap) between the samples of the Leiden herbarium (some with visible traces of ink), the imprints of the Paris herbarium and the figures of “Icones et Descriptiones”. The drawings to be found in this work, thanks to the realistic fidelity that distinguishes them, have been used by various authors until quite recent times for the description of new taxa. This shows the importance and the usefulness of the herbarium in question for the processes of typification. The taxonomic identification of the specimens (121 angiosperms and 1 alga) allowed us to designate the lectotype and the epitype of Daucus gingidium subsp. polygamus (Gouan) Onno and of Daucus carota subsp. commutatus (Paol.) Thell. Show less
The German doctor and botanist Leonhard Rauwolf (15351596) was the first postmedieval European to travel to the Levant and Mesopotamia. The travel account that he published on his hazardous... Show moreThe German doctor and botanist Leonhard Rauwolf (15351596) was the first postmedieval European to travel to the Levant and Mesopotamia. The travel account that he published on his hazardous journey (15731575) is well studied, but the plants he collected during his travels have hardly been subjected to scientific study. The fourth volume of Rauwolf’s 16th century book herbarium includes plant specimens collected from the area encompassing modernday Lebanon, Syria and Iraq. We digitized this valuable historic collection, identified all specimens in the herbarium, analyzed its floristic composition, transcribed and translated the Latin and German texts accompanying each specimen and updated the names with the latest accepted nomenclature. The herbarium book includes 191 specimens representing 183 species belonging to 64 families. It includes original specimens of Linnaean type illustrations as well as historical crop cultivars from the Near East. The Rauwolf Herbarium gives a unique insight in the exotic, unknown and useful species of the Near East from the perspective of a 16th century European botanist. Show less
We revise and characterize the group of species close to Lepanthes guatemalensis. The group comprises eight species in Costa Rica. Three new species are described and illustrated. Lepanthes... Show moreWe revise and characterize the group of species close to Lepanthes guatemalensis. The group comprises eight species in Costa Rica. Three new species are described and illustrated. Lepanthes durikäensis is distinguished by the non resupinate flowers, the lateral sepals ovate with the apical tails diverging, the lower lobe of petals lanceolate-subfalcate, up-curved and the pinkish column. Lepanthes leporina is recognized by the resupinate flowers with yellow sepals, faintly suffused with red, the petals violet, the lip orange, the bifid synsepal with the apices of the lateral sepals not forming tails, the lateral sepals subequal to the dorsal sepal, the petals markedly convex with the upper lobe elliptic-lanceolate and the lobes of the lip connivent at apex. Lepanthes sanctiorum is characterized by the small plants less than 1.1 cm tall, the short peduncle less than 10 mm long, the petals as wide as the lip length and the blades of the lip distinctly diverging at apex. All the species are described and illustrated on the basis of Costa Rican material. A key to the species of the group is provided. Show less
The current classification of the Nephtheidae (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) is still based on colony morphology. In this family the Indo-Pacific genera Litophyton, Nephthea, Dendronephthya and... Show moreThe current classification of the Nephtheidae (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) is still based on colony morphology. In this family the Indo-Pacific genera Litophyton, Nephthea, Dendronephthya and Stereonephthya, and the Atlantic genus Neospongodes form a complex mix of closely related, poorly described species, which cannot be recognized using only colony morphology. Attempts with the more modern approach of comparing skeleton composition (sclerites) resulted in describing the genus Chromonephthea Ofwegen, 2005, introduced for several species previously assigned to Dendronephthya, Nephthea and Stereonephthya. In Chromonephthea 53 species were included, 34 of which were new to science. However, the true generic status of the majority of the nominal nephtheid species remained unresolved. In an attempt to clarify the phylogenetic relationships fourteen specimens have been used in molecular analyses. Two clades were supported, which were related to the shape of the sclerites present in the polyp stalks. One clade contained the specimens with characters for Stereonephthya along with a Chromonephthea specimen as a sister group. The other clade had a __true__ Nephthea and Litophyton together with the specimens that could not be placed in any particular genus using the old classification criteria. The consequences of these results for nephtheid classification are discussed. Show less
