This thesis is an experimental study of the UV irradiation of the interstellar ice analogues, relevant for the different stages of the star and planet formation sequence. It describes in detail... Show moreThis thesis is an experimental study of the UV irradiation of the interstellar ice analogues, relevant for the different stages of the star and planet formation sequence. It describes in detail photodesorption and photoconversion processes, and as such, contributes to worldwide efforts that aim at understanding how chemistry in space could have contributed to the origin of life on Earth and possibly planets around other stars. Show less
The main source of human exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the sun, but almost 1,000,000 individuals pursue indoor tanning in the US every day. The U.S. Food and Drug... Show more The main source of human exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the sun, but almost 1,000,000 individuals pursue indoor tanning in the US every day. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration published regulations for indoor tanning devices in 1979 (updated in 1985). The manufacturer is required to provide a recommended exposure schedule. In 1986 the FDA published guidance about how the exposure schedules should be developed. Because of the risks involved, the FDA does not recommend that anyone uses indoor tanning devices, but they acknowledge that many do engage in this behavior. The aim of this study was to develop an exposure schedule for indoor tanning that would maximize benefits, while minimizing risks. We evaluated three different exposure schedules using two different UV sources and found that the cumulative dose received could be significantly reduced from current practices, due to saturation of the pigmentation system. We also found that exposure schedules need not be differentiated by skin type and that tanning lamps with a higher proportion of UVA tanned more efficiently. In December, 2015, the FDA published a Proposed Rule to amend its 1985 Performance Standard for these devices and incorporated changes that were a result of this work. Show less
Fotouhi, A.; Hagos, W.W.; Ilic, M.; Wojcik, A.; Harms-Ringdahl, M.; Gruij, F. de; ... ; Haghdoost, S. 2013
