Until the 1990s, the only known planets were those in our Solar System. Three decades later, several thousand exoplanets have been discovered orbiting stars other than the Sun, and substantial... Show moreUntil the 1990s, the only known planets were those in our Solar System. Three decades later, several thousand exoplanets have been discovered orbiting stars other than the Sun, and substantial efforts have been made to explore these strange new worlds through spectroscopic analyses of their atmospheres. In particular, high-dispersion spectroscopy has provided robust measurements of these objects, enabling investigations of the significant, outstanding questions of exoplanetary science: What kinds of planets exist beyond our Solar System? Of what are they made? How did they form? Is there life beyond Earth? This dissertation touches upon all of these topics. Chapter 2 details a study to understand the chemical composition of one of the most extreme exoplanets. Chapter 3 investigates the feasibility of studying the different isotopes of titanium in large gaseous exoplanets, which may provide insight into their formation. Chapter 4 presents an attempt to detect young, still-forming planets in an effort to better understand how this process works. Chapter 5 concludes this dissertation with an evaluation of the ability of large future telescopes to detect molecular oxygen in Earth-like exoplanets, which may trace the presence of life. Show less
Burtscher, L.H.; Baes, M.; Brandl, B.R.; Le Floc'h, E.; Orban de Xivry, G.; Zeilinger, W. 2022
This thesis describes the Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA (MASCARA), which consists of two small robotic telescope designed to detect exoplanets around the brightest stars in the sky. These telescopes... Show moreThis thesis describes the Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA (MASCARA), which consists of two small robotic telescope designed to detect exoplanets around the brightest stars in the sky. These telescopes search for exoplanets by continuously taking images of the sky and measuring the brightness of stars in these images, searching for the characteristic dimming that occurs when a planet passes in front of the star, blocking some of the starlight. An introduction to exoplanets is provided in chapter 1. The optical and mechanical design of the MASCARA telescopes, as well as the image processing algorithms, are described in chapter 2. The primary and secondary calibration methods used to remove systematic effects from the brightness measurements, as well as the transit search algorithm used, are described in chapter 3. The first planets discovered by MASCARA, two hot Jupiters orbiting the stars HD 201585 and HD 185603, are described in chapters 4 and 5. Show less
