Outflows are crucially important for the gas budget and evolution of luminous star-forming galaxies and AGNs, with observed mass outflow rates of the same order as the star formation rate. Greater... Show moreOutflows are crucially important for the gas budget and evolution of luminous star-forming galaxies and AGNs, with observed mass outflow rates of the same order as the star formation rate. Greater star formation and black hole growth lead to more intense feedback and outflows, resulting in self-regulated galaxy growth. Multi-phase observations show that the cool molecular and atomic gas dominate the mass and momentum budget of massive galaxy outflows which additionally remove the direct fuel for star formation. In this thesis we target the molecular and atomic outflows at cosmic noon and dawn where the most extreme star formation and black hole activity is found but where current observations are severely lacking. Techniques commonly used to detect outflows in the nearby universe with emission lines are, however, challenging or impossible with current technology at the high-redshifts of this thesis. Molecular absorption lines provide a powerful and reliable alternative which is demonstrated with the OH+ and OH molecules in this thesis. With observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), this thesis provides cutting-edge comparisons of molecular/neutral outflows at cosmic dawn/noon between star-forming galaxies and dusty quasar hosts. Show less
One of the key quests in astronomy is to study the growth and evolution of galaxies across cosmic time. Radio observations provide a powerful means of studying the formation of stars and subsequent... Show moreOne of the key quests in astronomy is to study the growth and evolution of galaxies across cosmic time. Radio observations provide a powerful means of studying the formation of stars and subsequent buildup of distant galaxies, in a way that is unbiased by the presence of dust. This thesis provides a detailed view of faint, star-forming galaxies in the early Universe through sensitive radio observations, and compiles several studies probing distant star formation with both radio synchrotron and free-free emission. In Chapter 2, we detect a large number of galaxies using sensitive new radio data from the Very Large Array, allowing us to separate radio emission from star formation and active galactic nuclei in the faint radio sky. In Chapter 3, we calibrate synchrotron emission as a tracer of star formation in distant starburst galaxies, while in Chapters 4 & 5 we turn towards radio free-free emission — a faint but very powerful tracer of star formation. Using sensitive new radio data at high frequencies, we perform the first detailed studies of free-free emission in distant galaxies. Show less
Hot atmospheres of massive galaxies are enriched with metals. Elemental abundances measured in the X-ray band have been used to study the chemical enrichment of supernova remnants, elliptical... Show moreHot atmospheres of massive galaxies are enriched with metals. Elemental abundances measured in the X-ray band have been used to study the chemical enrichment of supernova remnants, elliptical galaxies, groups, and clusters of galaxies. Here we measure the elemental abundances of the hot atmosphere of luminous infrared galaxy Arp 299 observed with XMM-Newton. To measure the abundances in the hot atmosphere, we use a multi-temperature thermal plasma model, which provides a better fit to the Reflection Grating Spectrometer data. The observed Fe/O abundance ratio is subsolar, while those of Ne/O and Mg/O are slightly above solar. Core-collapse supernovae (SNcc) are the dominant metal factory of elements like O, Ne, and Mg. We find some deviations between the observed abundance patterns and theoretical ones from a simple chemical enrichment model. One possible explanation is that massive stars with M-star greater than or similar to 23-27 M-circle dot might not explode as SNcc and enrich the hot atmosphere. This is in accordance with the missing massive SNcc progenitors problem, where very massive progenitors M-star greater than or similar to 18 M-circle dot of SNcc have not been clearly detected. It is also possible that theoretical SNcc nucleosynthesis yields of Mg/O yields are underestimated. Show less
Butler, K.M.; Werf, P.P. van der; Rybak, M.; Costa, T.; Cox, P.; Weiß, A.; ... ; Valtchanov, I. 2021
The aim of this work is to study starbursts and the dynamical processes involved, both from gas and stellar components. For this purpose, one nearby galaxy with a nuclear starburst was selected, as... Show moreThe aim of this work is to study starbursts and the dynamical processes involved, both from gas and stellar components. For this purpose, one nearby galaxy with a nuclear starburst was selected, as well as a sample of 6 ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Observations of these sources were carried out with SINFONI, the spectrograph for integral field observations in the near-infrared, an instrument that is mounted on the VLT in Chile. The thesis contains a study of the spectral features that are characteristic for starbursts, and a comparison of dynamical masses and mass-to-light ratios of the ULIRGs, calculated with different methods both from stellar dynamics and gas dynamics. Show less
This thesis discusses the dynamical properties of high redshift infrared selected and morphologically large disk selected galaxies at redshifts between 0.7 and 2.4 and their Tully-Fisher relations.... Show moreThis thesis discusses the dynamical properties of high redshift infrared selected and morphologically large disk selected galaxies at redshifts between 0.7 and 2.4 and their Tully-Fisher relations. Most observations were done using the near infrared integral field spectrograph SINFONI of the Very Large Telescope (VLT). Show less
