The widespread problems with scientific fraud, questionable research practices, and the reliability of scientific results have led to an increased focus on research integrity (RI). International... Show moreThe widespread problems with scientific fraud, questionable research practices, and the reliability of scientific results have led to an increased focus on research integrity (RI). International organisations and networks have been established, declarations have been issued, and codes of conducts have been formed. The abstract principles of these documents are now also being translated into concrete topic areas that Research Performing organisations (RPOs) and Research Funding organisations (RFOs) should focus on. However, so far, we know very little about disciplinary differences in the need for RI support from RPOs and RFOs. The paper attempts to fill this knowledge gap. It reports on a comprehensive focus group study with 30 focus group interviews carried out in eight different countries across Europe focusing on the following research question: “Which RI topics would researchers and stakeholders from the four main areas of research (humanities, social science, natural science incl. technical science, and medical science incl. biomedicine) prioritise for RPOs and RFOs?” The paper reports on the results of these focus group interviews and gives an overview of the priorities of the four main areas of research. The paper ends with six policy recommendations and a reflection on how the results of the study can be used in RPOs and RFOs. Show less
Corporations disclose social information which is likely to relate to their social responsibility activities. The disclosed social information is called social disclosures, a term borrowed from... Show moreCorporations disclose social information which is likely to relate to their social responsibility activities. The disclosed social information is called social disclosures, a term borrowed from financial accounting and reporting. Why do corporations want to disclose information regarding their social responsibility activities? This study contains a search for the answer to that question. It is a study on the societal determinants of corporate social disclosures. The considered societal determinants are institutional and they are explained by a system-theoretical framework of stakeholder and legitimacy theory. According to the currently dominant research paradigm in financial accounting, corporations have a narrow focus on the decision-usefulness of corporate information and the creation of shareholder value. This study is different. It assumes that managers are aware of the bigger picture of society and the position of their corporations in society. In this study it is shown that managers can have a broader focus than just on shareholder value creation. This is a volume in the series of the Meijers Research Institute and Graduate School of Leiden University Show less
This book examines design proposals that show symbolic handling of the 9/11 attack on New York, the disaster symbolism of the ship washed ashore by the tsunami in Banda Aceh, and the design of the... Show moreThis book examines design proposals that show symbolic handling of the 9/11 attack on New York, the disaster symbolism of the ship washed ashore by the tsunami in Banda Aceh, and the design of the symbol of the city of Cape Town derived from a remnant of Dutch colonial architecture, or the mass pilgrimage to Elvis’s Graceland in Memphis. Cities Full of Symbols develops urban symbolic ecology and hypercity approaches into a new perspective on social cohesion. Approaches of architects, anthropologists, sociologists, social geographers and historians converge to make this a book for anyone interested in urban life, policymaking and city branding. Show less
Uitgebreid onderzoek wijst uit dat de roep om extreme sharia toch niet heeft geleid tot een algemene wending richting conservatisme in het geheel van rechtssystemen in moslimlanden. Sterker nog,... Show moreUitgebreid onderzoek wijst uit dat de roep om extreme sharia toch niet heeft geleid tot een algemene wending richting conservatisme in het geheel van rechtssystemen in moslimlanden. Sterker nog, uit een objectieve studie uitgevoerd door de Universiteit Leiden, blijkt juist dat in een aantal moslimlanden er een liberalisering heeft plaatsgevonden, vooral in het familierecht. Bovendien wijzen de onderzoekers in deze studie erop dat acceptatie van mensenrechten door moslimlanden aanmerkelijk is toegenomen, terwijl de uitvoering van wrede lijfstraffen zoals steniging en amputatie juist is afgenomen. Dit zijn slechts enkele van de ontwikkelingen die aangetoond worden in deze unieke publicatie over de verhouding tussen sharia en nationaal recht in twaalf moslimlanden. Sharia incorporated vergelijkt de theorie en de praktijk van de Sharia in de moslimwereld en draagt daarmee bij aan inzicht om een verstandig beleid te voeren "Sharia incorporated is essential reading for anyone who seeks a better informed, more nuanced picture of law in Muslim majority countries than we normally get. Without being starry-eyed, the country studies show the complexity of reconciling law with custom, and religious with secular laws. Sometimes violent Puritanism clashes with older forms of religious discourse, market economies affect older ways of life, and modern states struggle to make traditional and modern institutions cohere. If nothing else, this book offers a necessary antidote to glib thinking and ignorant prejudice." Ian Buruma Bekijk " http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZbm_oluDWA ">hier een toelichting op het boek door Jan Michiel Otto. The aim of Sharia Incorporated is to provide unbiased and contextual information about a topic that has of late been hijacked by politics in the Muslim world as well as in the West. Sharia Incorporated, written by laudable international scholars, is an ambitious study of the incorporation of Islamic law traditions into national legal systems. The book also explores the sensitive topic of 'Western' human rights and other rule of law standards in a Muslim world. It provides an in-depth analysis of the role of sharia in the historical and legal formation of twelve representative Muslim states, with a unique comparison of key issues raised by the 'Islamic awakening' of recent decades. In the preface Jan Michiel Otto goes to the heart of the prevailing environment in which Western discourses tend to oversimplify the substance and effect of Islam and sharia. "Sharia incorporated is essential reading for anyone who seeks a better informed, more nuanced picture of law in Muslim majority countries than we normally get. Without being starry-eyed, the country studies show the complexity of reconciling law with custom, and religious with secular laws. Sometimes violent Puritanism clashes with older forms of religious discourse, market economies affect older ways of life, and modern states struggle to make traditional and modern institutions cohere. If nothing else, this book offers a necessary antidote to glib thinking and ignorant prejudice." Ian Buruma Watch a clarification on the book by Jan Michiel Otto" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eu1yF_nhvVc "> here Show less
Ubink, Janine; Rahmato, Dessalegn; Amanor, Kojo Sebastian 2009
Miljoenen mensen wonen en werken op land waarop zij geen officiC+le rechten hebben. Hun bezit wordt vaak wel beschermd door niet-statelijke rechten die wortelen in lokale gemeenschappen.... Show moreMiljoenen mensen wonen en werken op land waarop zij geen officiC+le rechten hebben. Hun bezit wordt vaak wel beschermd door niet-statelijke rechten die wortelen in lokale gemeenschappen. Ontwikkelingsdeskundigen en donoren hebben lange tijd zulke onofficiC+le regelingen als een hinderpaal voor ontwikkeling gezien en gewerkt aan invoering van individueel eigendom en complexe registratie, teneinde investeringen in land, huis en bedrijfje aan te moedigen en de productiviteit te verhogen. Deze aanpak werkt niet en daarom wordt nu gezocht naar een nieuwe, pluralistischer aanpak die probeert lokale regelingen te erkennen en waar nodig te verbeteren. In dit boek worden zulke nieuwe benaderingen onderzocht. Experts uit acht landen in AziC+, Latijns-Amerika en Afrika behandelen eerst de landwetgeving en -politiek van hun land en komen dan met een concrete gevalstudie van zo'n nieuwe aanpak. Steeds is de vraag wat zo'n nieuwe statelijke aanpak van landrechten betekent in het dagelijkse leven van kleine boeren (ruraal), van bewoners van onofficiC+le stedelijke wijken (urbaan) en van mensen die onder de rook van de stad wonen en werken (peri-urbaan). Hoe zeker voelen zij zich nu van hun rechten (tenure security), kennen ze de nieuwe regeling en kunnen ze zich er effectief op beroepen (legal empowerment), werken de overheidsinstanties controleerbaar (control of bureaucrats)? Millions of people live and work on land that they do not legally own in accordance with enforceable state law. The absence of state recognition for local property rights affects people's tenure security and impedes development. Efforts to legalise extra-legal land tenure have traditionally emphasised individual titling and registration. Disappointment with such approaches have led to a search for 'a third way' in land tenure regulation that will reconcile state perspectives with local land rights. This book contributes to the quest for a new pluralistic approach. It combines the description of land tenure regimes in Africa, Latin America and Asia with an analysis of designs, objectives, and actual implementation of specific legalisation programmes. This allows for conclusions on the relationship between various kinds of legalisations and tenure security and the challenges to improve the design and implementation of legalisation programmes Show less
