The EU has imposed financial sanctions on Poland for problems with judicial independence. The sanctions amount to more than €300 mill., and the sum continues to grow. How are the sanctions... Show moreThe EU has imposed financial sanctions on Poland for problems with judicial independence. The sanctions amount to more than €300 mill., and the sum continues to grow. How are the sanctions perceived by the Polish population? Are they considered justified and acceptable, and by whom? Show less
The current article aims to assess proportionality within the context of the Security Council’s practice, focusing specifically on how the Council balances various interests in the design of... Show moreThe current article aims to assess proportionality within the context of the Security Council’s practice, focusing specifically on how the Council balances various interests in the design of sanctions regimes adopted pursuant to Article 41 of the UN Charter. It argues that proportionality in this context plays a role in the Security Council’s targeting decisions on the one hand and in the determination of whose interests are affected by the sanctions on the other. This implies that the Security Council should distinguish, first, between those who should be subjected to sanctions (the targets) and those would should be shielded (third parties) and, second, that it carefully delineates the targets of the sanctions. This article assesses this balancing exercise within the context of the Council’s measures to curb the illegal exploitation of natural resources financing armed conflict on the one hand and with respect to countering the proliferation of nuclear weapons on the other. Show less
