Background Thermal coagulation is gaining popularity for treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in screening programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to unavailability of... Show moreBackground Thermal coagulation is gaining popularity for treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in screening programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to unavailability of cryotherapy. Objectives Assess the effectiveness of thermal coagulation for treatment of CIN lesions compared with cryotherapy, with a focus on LMICs. Search strategy Papers were identified from previous reviews and electronic literature search in February 2018 with publication date after 2010. Selection criteria Publications with original data evaluating cryotherapy or thermal coagulation with proportion of cure as outcome, assessed by colposcopy, biopsy, cytology, and/or visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), and minimum 6 months follow-up. Data collection and analysis Pooled proportions of cure are presented stratified per treatment modality, type of lesion, and region. Main results Pooled cure proportions for cryotherapy and thermal coagulation, respectively, were 93.8% (95% CI, 88.5-97.7) and 91.4% (95% CI, 84.9-96.4) for CIN 1; 82.6% (95% CI, 77.4-87.3) and 91.6% (95% CI, 88.2-94.5) for CIN 2-3; and 92.8% (95% CI, 85.6-97.7) and 90.1% (95% CI, 87.0-92.8) for VIA-positive lesions. For thermal coagulation of CIN 2-3 lesions in LMICs 82.4% (95% CI, 75.4-88.6). Conclusions Both cryotherapy and thermal coagulation are effective treatment modalities for CIN lesions in LMICs. Show less
This research focuses on data subject rights – a set of data protection provisions that directly linked to the concept of individual control. In 2018, the European Parliament adopted the... Show moreThis research focuses on data subject rights – a set of data protection provisions that directly linked to the concept of individual control. In 2018, the European Parliament adopted the Regulation on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (GDPR). The new law also introduced some substantial improvements in the section on data subject rights. However, in the light of the fast-changing economic and technological environment, it is possible to notice a gap between data subject rights when understood as law in the books and when applied in practice. By using the analysis of legal sources and academic literature, this thesis explored whether the data subject rights under the GDPR are effective in the data-driven economy, and if not, what are possible solutions to overcome the shortcomings. Show less
