Over the last decades, e-voting has been used in a large number of countries and its impact on voter turnout has been closely scrutinized. Regardless, scholarly attention has largely focused on... Show moreOver the last decades, e-voting has been used in a large number of countries and its impact on voter turnout has been closely scrutinized. Regardless, scholarly attention has largely focused on turnout in the domestic arena, and the link between e-voting and external voting have been scarcely explored. Based on a quasi-experimental design of the 2021 Ecuadorian elections, we investigate the effect of both on-site electronic voting and Internet voting on non-resident citizens’ voter turnout. This paper shows that, while on-site electronic voting seems to have no significant impact on turnout, turnout of non-resident citizens using Internet voting significantly increased as compared to prior elections and to neighboring electoral districts. Show less
Emigrants can vote from abroad for about 120 territories and immigrants can vote in about 50 countries. Many international migrants can vote or abstain in both the origin and residence countries,... Show moreEmigrants can vote from abroad for about 120 territories and immigrants can vote in about 50 countries. Many international migrants can vote or abstain in both the origin and residence countries, making four distinct types of migrant electoral behavior: immigrant, emigrant, and dual transnational voting, as well as abstention. Migrant political participation affects democratic decision-making and electoral outcomes in two polities, reasons for which both migrant enfranchisement and migrant voting merit scholarly research. My goal is to unpack why migrants decide to vote or abstain in either the origin or residence country, in both, or in neither. I conducted surveys and interviews in Chile and Ecuador, likely cases in which to find individuals with national-level voting rights in two countries. I argue that political resocialization helps to explain individual-level migrant voter turnout. I posit resources combined with ties to people or places in one or both countries constitute a necessary condition and resources with a motive to vote serves as a sufficient condition for migrant voting. Rather than a trade-off of replacement, over time migrants change their positioning and motives to vote in one country or both countries.The case studies shed light on the legal and normative origins of migrant enfranchisement over the last century, differences among migrant voting variants, and how political (re)socialization processes help explain why migrants vote and change voting behavior over time. Show less
This study analyses security policy in Colombia between 2002 and 2018 and the role the national police force played in this strategy. During the timeframe researched, an unprecedented number of... Show moreThis study analyses security policy in Colombia between 2002 and 2018 and the role the national police force played in this strategy. During the timeframe researched, an unprecedented number of public policies were created. It also constitutes the most critical period of the internal armed conflict between state security forces, guerrillas, paramilitary groups and drug traffickers. A peace process was also initiated at this time, leading to a new phase of transition. As a result, traditional state-centrism models of security have been rethought but not yet implemented. The thesis explores a series of public policies on security, highlighting the important institutional way of dealing with public problems in Colombia, where confusion about different actors’ roles in managing security has persisted. This situation reflects the reductionism surrounding national security, which has been accentuated by the very circumstances surrounding the armed conflict and drug trafficking in the second half of the twentieth century. Show less
The Ecuadorian party, Movimiento Unidad Plurinacional Pachakutik (MUPP or Pachakutik), is a 24-year-old party with low levels of electoral support and scarce resources. Conventional theories of... Show moreThe Ecuadorian party, Movimiento Unidad Plurinacional Pachakutik (MUPP or Pachakutik), is a 24-year-old party with low levels of electoral support and scarce resources. Conventional theories of party survival cannot explain this party’s persistence. Common wisdom predicts parties with both consistently low levels of electoral support and lack of resources will disband, but Pachakutik does not. Why do parties with low electoral support and few resources persist? This dissertation addresses that question and introduces a theory of party survival that focuses on why parties may choose to survive, change, or disband. Parties can persist if they achieve their primary goal, and this may happen even when a party has scarce resources and low (or fluctuating) levels of electoral support. Parties pursue different primary goals – policy, office, or value-infusion – and, as such, evaluate goal achievement differently (in terms of their own aspiration levels based on prior performance). The case of Pachakutik illustrates this theory and its mechanisms. This dissertation combines qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis and rests on archival data, interviews, and quantitative data collected during over 11 months of fieldwork in Ecuador. Show less
Este artículo analiza los desafíos de ascenso y consolidación del partido de derecha actualmente más grande de Ecuador, a nivel nacional, el Movimiento Creando Oportunidades (CREO). Nuestro enfoque... Show moreEste artículo analiza los desafíos de ascenso y consolidación del partido de derecha actualmente más grande de Ecuador, a nivel nacional, el Movimiento Creando Oportunidades (CREO). Nuestro enfoque se centra en el efecto de las reglas electorales y la organización interna de CREO. Empleando un análisis de oferta-demanda, discutimos las razones detrás de su éxito electoral de 2013 a 2021. Describimos su desempeño electoral por tipos de elecciones y género de candidatos, así como por provincias y distritos en el extranjero. En general, CREO ha surgido y evolucionado en parte opacado por el correísmo (antes Movimiento Patria Altiva I Soberana [MPAIS], ahora Revolución Ciudadana [RC]), pero logró convertirse en un serio competidor electoral nacional desde 2017 y ganar la presidencia en 2021. Después de las elecciones de abril de 2021, sus principales desafíos radican en la dependencia de la figura de Guillermo Lasso y su continuidad como principal partido de derecha en el futuro en el ámbito nacional. Show less
Shiwiar is a language spoken by around 1,200 people in the Amazonian lowlands of eastern Ecuador and northern Peru. It belongs to the Chicham (Jivaroan) language family. This work is the first... Show moreShiwiar is a language spoken by around 1,200 people in the Amazonian lowlands of eastern Ecuador and northern Peru. It belongs to the Chicham (Jivaroan) language family. This work is the first grammatical description of the language, and it is based on a 30-hour audio-visual corpus of natural speech, collected over 12 months of fieldwork between 2011 and 2016 in the Pastaza province of Ecuador.This dissertation is an analysis of Shiwiar phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and information structure. Some of the most salient and typologically interesting phenomena described include the high degree of phonetic and phonological variability in the speech community, a rare type of differential object marking, a rich paradigm of pronominal indexing on the verb, and the extensive use of clause chains as a discursive and clause combining device. This work also engages with the areal and typological literature to shed light on their diachronic development. From a methodological perspective, special emphasis is given throughout this dissertation to the value of using natural language data for linguistic analysis, and the importance of committing to a high standard of transparency and resolvability with regards to the data. Show less
The conditional cash transfer programme Bono de Desarrollo Humano in Ecuador has allowed the increase in coverage of the social protection system to families in a situation of poverty, drawing... Show moreThe conditional cash transfer programme Bono de Desarrollo Humano in Ecuador has allowed the increase in coverage of the social protection system to families in a situation of poverty, drawing attention to care activities for human capital for- mation. Although women have gained more visibility and have been included in a significant way under this scheme, their inclusion has not resulted in a ruptu- re of traditional gender roles in the household and society. In what ways can we re-imagine non-contributory social protection to reduce gender gaps and include women in a meaningful and transformative way? This article addresses this question by means of an institutional discussion of the hindrances of the current de- sign and invites a consideration of alternatives aimed at framing a new politics of distribution guided by a right-based rationale and rupture of the normative elements that confine women to the care of the household.El programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas Bono de Desarrollo Humano en Ecuador ha permitido extender la cobertura del sistema de protec- ción social a familias en situación de pobreza, dando relevancia a las labores de cuidado en la construcción de capital humano. A pesar de que las mujeres han ganado mayor visibilidad y han sido incluidas de manera significativa bajo es- te esquema, su inserción no ha generado rupturas con asignaciones tradiciona- les de género dentro del hogar y la sociedad. ¿De qué manera puede reimaginar- se la protección social no contributiva para reducir las brechas de género e incluir de manera significativa y transformativa a las mujeres? El presente artículo abor- da esta pregunta con una discusión institucional de los limitantes del diseño ac- tual e invita a evaluar alternativas encaminadas hacia una nueva política de distri- bución guiada por una lógica de derechos y ruptura con los elementos normativos que relegan a la mujer al cuidado del hogar. Show less
