Het doel van de dissertatie van David Gast is: het onderzoeken in hoeverre voedingssupplementen (vitaminen, mineralen en omega-3 vetzuren) in de praktijk gebruikt kunnen worden als interventie voor... Show moreHet doel van de dissertatie van David Gast is: het onderzoeken in hoeverre voedingssupplementen (vitaminen, mineralen en omega-3 vetzuren) in de praktijk gebruikt kunnen worden als interventie voor het verminderen van agressief gedrag bij mensen met een verstandelijke beperking (Chapter 1). Daartoe zijn verschillende studies verricht, te beginnen met een onderzoek naar de kwaliteit van voedingspatroon(Chapter 2). De tweede studie is een focusgroep onderzoek, waarin wordt onderzocht in hoeverre professionals en cliënten in de gehandicaptenzorg een interventie met voedingssupplementen accepteren als interventie voor moeilijk verstaanbaar gedrag (Chapter 3). De derde en vierde studies zijn RCT’s waarin het effect van voedingssupplementen wordt onderzocht op agressief gedrag bij respectievelijk gedetineerden (Chapter 4), en mensen met een verstandelijke beperking (Chapter 5). Het laatste onderzoek (Chapter 6) is een meta-analyse van de door ons gevonden studies naar het effect van een interventie met multivitaminen- mineralen op agressief gedrag. Om toekomstig onderzoek met voedingssupplementen in een kwetsbare populatie te faciliteren hebben we de door ons geleerde lessen geordend en van kanttekeningen voorzien (Chapter 7). Tot slot volgt een samenvatting en algemene discussie over de inhoud van de dissertatie (Chapter 8). Show less
Gibson-Smith, D.; Bot, M.; Brouwer, I.A.; Visser, M.; Giltay, E.J.; Penninx, B.W.J.H. 2020
Purpose Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been associated with fewer depressive symptoms, however, it is unknown whether this is attributed to some or to all components. We examined the... Show morePurpose Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been associated with fewer depressive symptoms, however, it is unknown whether this is attributed to some or to all components. We examined the association between the individual food groups of the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), in isolation and in combination, with depression and anxiety (symptom severity and diagnosis). Methods Data from 1634 adults were available from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Eleven energy-adjusted food groups were created from a 238-item food frequency questionnaire. In regression analysis, these were associated in isolation and combination with (1) depressive and anxiety disorders (established with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview) (current disorder n = 414), and (2) depression and anxiety severity [measured with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Fear Questionnaire (FEAR)]. Results Overall, the MDS score shows the strongest relationships with depression/anxiety [Diagnosis: odds ratio (OR) 0.77 per SD, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.66-0.90, IDS: standardised betas (beta) - 0.13, 95% CI - 0.18, - 0.08] and anxiety (BAI: beta - 0.11, 95% CI - 0.16, - 0.06, FEAR: beta - 0.08, 95% CI - 0.13, - 0.03). Greater consumption of non-refined grains and vegetables was associated with lower depression and anxiety severity, whilst being a non-drinker was associated with higher symptom severity. Higher fruit and vegetable intake was associated with lower fear severity. Non-refined grain consumption was associated with lower odds and being a non-drinker with greater odds of current depression/anxiety disorders compared to healthy controls, these associations persisted after adjustment for other food groups (OR 0.82 per SD, 95% CI 0.71-0.96, OR 1.26 per SD 95% CI 1.08-1.46). Conclusion We can conclude that non-refined grains, vegetables and alcohol intake appeared to be the driving variables for the associated the total MDS score and depression/anxiety. However, the combined effect of the whole diet remains important for mental health. It should be explored whether an increase consumption of non-refined grains and vegetables may help to prevent or reduce depression and anxiety. Show less
Toorn, J.E. van der; Cepeda, M.; Kiefte-de Jong, J.C.; Franco, O.H.; Voortman, T.; Schoufour, J.D. 2020
Purpose Several studies have reported seasonal variation in intake of food groups and certain nutrients. However, whether this could lead to a seasonal pattern of diet quality has not been... Show morePurpose Several studies have reported seasonal variation in intake of food groups and certain nutrients. However, whether this could lead to a seasonal pattern of diet quality has not been addressed. We aimed to describe the seasonality of diet quality, and to examine the contribution of the food groups included in the dietary guidelines to this seasonality. Methods Among 9701 middle-aged and elderly participants of the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort, diet was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Diet quality was measured as adherence to the Dutch dietary guidelines, and expressed in a diet quality score ranging from 0 to 14 points. The seasonality of diet quality and of the food group intake was examined using cosinor linear mixed models. Models were adjusted for sex, age, cohort, energy intake, physical activity, body mass index, comorbidities, and education. Results Diet quality had a seasonal pattern with a winter-peak (seasonal variation = 0.10 points, December-peak) especially among participants who were men, obese and of high socio-economic level. This pattern was mostly explained by the seasonal variation in the intake of legumes (seasonal variation = 3.52 g/day, December-peak), nuts (seasonal variation = 0.78 g/day, January-peak), sugar-containing beverages (seasonal variation = 12.96 milliliters/day, June-peak), and dairy (seasonal variation = 17.52 g/day, June-peak). Conclusions Diet quality varies seasonally with heterogeneous seasonality of food groups counteractively contributing to the seasonal pattern in diet quality. This seasonality should be considered in future research on dietary behavior. Also, season-specific recommendations and policies are required to improve diet quality throughout the year. Show less
