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(1 - 19 of 19)

Holst, C.; Christensen, J. 2023

The epistemic quality of expert bodies: from normative-theoretical concept to empirical measurement

Article / Letter to editor

open access

The ubiquity of experts in contemporary policy-making has been met with enthusiasm in some quarters, but has also faced severe criticism. Beyond the democratic concerns regarding expert power,... Show moreThe ubiquity of experts in contemporary policy-making has been met with enthusiasm in some quarters, but has also faced severe criticism. Beyond the democratic concerns regarding expert power, critics have raised worries about whether experts actually contribute to increasing the epistemic quality of policies, in line with normative expectations. Yet, so far, limited attention has been paid to the specific conditions under which experts involved in policy-making are likely to live up to such expectations. The article outlines a set of such conditions and empirically examines their fulfillment in the case of a real-world expert body. The article contributes theoretically to normative political theory about the proper role of expertise in policy-making; methodologically by linking normative theorizing and empirical analysis; and empirically through a longitudinal analysis based on large-n data of the extent to which the expert body under scrutiny satisfies a set of quantifiable empirical indicators of the proposed conditions. Show less

Connor, J.E. 2023

Hearing the quiet voices: listening as democratic action in a Norwegian neighborhood

Article / Letter to editor

open access

This article explores how modes of listening and ideologies of democratic action are intertwined, through the example of a multicultural neighborhood in Oslo, Norway. While much work on language... Show moreThis article explores how modes of listening and ideologies of democratic action are intertwined, through the example of a multicultural neighborhood in Oslo, Norway. While much work on language and democracy focuses on speakers, this article instead interrogates how a government listens to citizens, and how different conceptualizations of what listening is index different understandings of democratic action. While the Oslo municipality sees listening as a form of legitimation for governmental policymaking, local residents try to create a more open form of listening, which they see to be a better way of addressing the needs of a more diverse citizenry. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with municipal employees, neighborhood organizations, and residents, the analysis focuses on the participation frameworks and interactional genres that my interlocutors take to be instances of democratic listening, and how listening practices are intertwined with imaginations of a more inclusive future. Show less

Toshkov, D.D.; Mazepus, H. 2022

Does the election winner–loser gap extend to subjective health and well-being?

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Political scientists have studied extensively the gap between winners and losers of democratic elections with regard to satisfaction with democracy. We ask whether the winner–loser gap extends... Show morePolitical scientists have studied extensively the gap between winners and losers of democratic elections with regard to satisfaction with democracy. We ask whether the winner–loser gap extends beyond the political domain to subjective health and well-being as well. Building on insights from biology and coalitional psychology, we hypothesize that winning and losing elections could affect one’s outlook on life, happiness, and subjective health. We comprehensively test these theoretical propositions with cross-sectional data from the 2012 and 2018 waves of the European Social Survey. We document significant gaps between winners and losers with respect to measures of subjective personal well-being. To further probe the causal nature of these winner–loser effects, we trace changes in well-being following election wins and losses using a panel dataset from the Netherlands, where we find weaker supportive evidence. Overall, our results suggest that winning and losing democratic elections can have much wider-reaching consequences than previously recognized. Show less

Lapuente, V.; Suzuki, K. 2022

Quality of government in the Asia Pacific region

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Mazepus, H.; Toshkov, D.D. 2022

Standing up for democracy? Explaining citizens’ support for democratic checks and balances

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Winners and losers of elections have different stakes in protecting democratic institutions. We provide new evidence for the effects of partisanship and economic performance on support for checks... Show moreWinners and losers of elections have different stakes in protecting democratic institutions. We provide new evidence for the effects of partisanship and economic performance on support for checks and balances and acceptance of their infringement. Using survey data from 26 European countries, we show that voters who feel close to a political party that lost the elections support checks and balances significantly more than other citizens. We also find that higher satisfaction with the economy is associated with lower support for checks and balances. Our experiment in Ukraine shows that supporters and opponents of the governing party have divergent evaluations of a reform potentially infringing on the independence of the judiciary. Those in opposition find such reforms less acceptable and justified. Again, we find that improved economic performance leads to higher acceptance of judicial reform. Our results confirm that citizens’ support for checks and balances is contingent and volatile. Show less

Grol, Peter; Weggemans, D.J. 2022

Antidemocratische bewegingen in de Nederlandse democratie: een blik op Hizb ut-Tahrir

Article / Letter to editor

open access

In de maatschappelijke discussie over antidemocratische bewegingen lijkt stelselmatig voorbij te worden gegaan aan de vraag die als eerste beantwoord zou moeten worden, namelijk: Wat is democratie (en hoe deze te beschermen)? Antwoorden op deze vra(a)g(en) kunnen gevonden worden in het debat over weerbare democratie. Dit artikel heeft daarom hoofdzakelijk tot doel om het debat over weerbare democratie en het debat over antidemocratische bewegingen dichter bij elkaar te brengen.Een van de bewegingen die centraal staat in het debat over antidemocratische bewegingen is Hizb ut-Tahrir. In het artikel ‘Eigen koers richting kalifaat, een beeld van Hizb ut-Tahrir in Nederland’, dat eerder in dit tijdschrift is gepubliceerd, hebben we een beeld geschetst van Hizb ut-Tahrir in Nederland. Deze in de jaren vijftig van de vorige eeuw opgerichte beweging is wereldwijd actief, manifesteert zich als politieke partij en streeft naar de heroprichting van een ‘islamitisch kalifaat’. Hoewel de beweging fel gekant is tegen de heersende politieke elite en overheden wereldwijd, en democratie in zijn algemeenheid, wijst ze het gebruik van geweld om politieke verandering te verwezenlijken af. Inmiddels is Hizb ut-Tahrir ook al enkele decennia actief in Nederland, waar de beweging, in tegenstelling tot in veel andere landen wereldwijd, waaronder Duitsland, niet verboden is. Echter, ook in Nederland pleitten politici de afgelopen jaren geregeld voor een stevige aanpak van of zelfs een verbod op de beweging.In dit artikel zullen we allereerst illustreren hoe het debat over Hizb ut-Tahrir zich de afgelopen decennia ontwikkelde, en laten we zien dat er parallellen te trekken zijn met de wijze waarop het debat over het salafisme wordt gevoerd. We zullen daarbij ook kort de relevante maatschappelijke context schetsen en enkele nuanceringen plaatsen met betrekking tot de (vermeende) gewelddadige aard van deze bewegingen. Vervolgens zullen we laten zien dat de moderne weerbare democratietheorie mogelijk een waardevolle rol kan spelen in de verdere ontwikkeling van dit debat.

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Shaev, B.; Hackett, S. 2021

Cities, migration and the historiography of post-war Europe

Article / Letter to editor

open access

The role of municipalities in migrant integration in post-war European history has largely slipped below the radar in previous migration research. Our special issue presents case studies on how... Show moreThe role of municipalities in migrant integration in post-war European history has largely slipped below the radar in previous migration research. Our special issue presents case studies on how Bristol, Dortmund, Malmö, Mannheim, Stuttgart and Utrecht managed migrant influxes from the mid-1940s to 1960s. Following interdisciplinary advances in local migration studies, our urban histories take a diversity of approaches, present diverse temporalities, and uncover municipal responses that range from generosity to indifference and to outright hostility. In all six cities, despite such diversity in local attitudes and municipal policies, municipal authorities had significant impacts on migrants’ lives. The introductory article explores how our urban perspectives contribute to scholarship on reconstruction and the post-war boom; welfare; democracy and citizenship; and European integration. Using local migration as a lens into postwar European history, we argue, provides important new insights for the historiography of postwar Europe. Show less

Tomini, L.; Gürkan, S. 2020

Contesting the EU, contesting democracy and rule of law in Europe: conceptual suggestions for future research

Part of book or chapter of book

open access

In ECE countries, democratisation and Europeanisation seemed to exist in a mutually reinforcing relationship and both concepts provided the main analytical lenses for studying these states. In the... Show moreIn ECE countries, democratisation and Europeanisation seemed to exist in a mutually reinforcing relationship and both concepts provided the main analytical lenses for studying these states. In the light of recent illiberal and anti-EU politics, two different concepts have started to receive increasing scholarly attention, namely the concepts of de-Europeanisation and autocratisation. Their exact meaning, however, remains unclear and the causal link between these specific processes and the rule of law has largely remained understudied. Against this backdrop, this chapter first summarises the state-of-the-art research on autocratisation and de-Europeanisation, and then examines the interaction and causal link between these two phenomena in times of declining democracies in Europe and rule of law problems. Show less

Scholte, J.A. 2020

After liberal global democracy: new methodology for new praxis

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Liberalism is in trouble as a normative basis of world order, partly for its failure to deliver adequate democracy to contemporary globalisation. This article explores how new ideas and practices... Show moreLiberalism is in trouble as a normative basis of world order, partly for its failure to deliver adequate democracy to contemporary globalisation. This article explores how new ideas and practices of democracy might underpin a future post-liberal world order. The discussion especially addresses methodological issues, on the premise that the way that global democracy is studied deeply affects the ways that it can be understood and enacted. To open space for more innovative thinking about people’s power in a global world, the article develops an approach which—in contrast to established liberal theorising—emphasises principles of diversity, reflexivity, and praxis. Drawing on experiences of implementing these principles in a six-year ‘Building Global Democracy’ programme, the article argues that such a methodology can generate different, imaginative and transformative notions. In particular, post-liberal reinventions of democracy could redefine the demos, incorporate non-modern institutions, deepen justice, and confront structural power hierarchies. To be sure, as the final section reflects, the formulation and implementation of post-liberal constructions of global democracy face considerable challenges. Yet, with no less than the future of a good society at stake, it is vital further to pursue such experiments in globality beyond liberalism. Show less

Banda, Tinenenji; Kaaba, O'Brien; Hinfelaar, Marja; Ndulo, Muna 2020

Democracy and electoral politics in Zambia

Book (monograph)

open access

Democracy and Electoral Politics in Zambia aims to comprehend the current dynamics of Zambia's democracy and to understand what was specific about the 2015/2016 election experience. While elections... Show moreDemocracy and Electoral Politics in Zambia aims to comprehend the current dynamics of Zambia's democracy and to understand what was specific about the 2015/2016 election experience. While elections have been central to understanding Zambian politics over the last decade, the coverage they have received in the academic literature has been sparse. This book aims to fill that gap and give a more holistic account of contemporary Zambian electoral dynamics, by providing innovative analysis of political parties, mobilization methods, the constitutional framework, the motivations behind voters' choices and the adjudication of electoral disputes by the judiciary. This book draws on insights and interviews, public opinion data and innovative surveys that aim to tell a rich and nuanced story about Zambia's recent electoral history from a variety of disciplinary approaches. Contributors include: Tinenenji Banda, Nicole Beardsworth, John Bwalya, Privilege Haang'andu, Erin Hern, Marja Hinfelaar, Dae Un Hong, O'Brien Kaaba, Robby Kapesa, Chanda Mfula, Jotham Momba, Biggie Joe Ndambwa, Muna Ndulo, Jeremy Seekings, Hangala Siachiwena, Sishuwa Sishuwa, Owen Sichone, Aaron Siwale, Michael Wahman. Show less

Köhler, K.; Albrecht, H. 2019

Revolutions and the military: endgame coups, instability, and prospects for democracy

Article / Letter to editor

open access

This article presents a systematic analysis of military coups following popular mass uprisings in nondemocratic regimes, conceptualized as endgame coups. Drawing on our original, medium-n data set... Show moreThis article presents a systematic analysis of military coups following popular mass uprisings in nondemocratic regimes, conceptualized as endgame coups. Drawing on our original, medium-n data set of revolutionary situations, we find that such endgame coups form a distinct type of military intervention in politics. Compared to regular coups, episodes of popular mass contestation prompt conservative interventions in politics of the military’s leadership aimed at preserving the regime’s authoritarian infrastructure. A systematic test of factors characterizing postcoup political trajectories is based on Cox proportional hazard models and provides empirical evidence in contrast to the widely held notion of “democratic coups.” Our findings reveal that endgame coups are conservative rollback coups, executed by military leaderships, that result in continued political instability and illiberal politics. Show less

Augusteijn, J.; Hijzen, C.; Vries, M.L. de 2019

Introduction: democracy, the nation state, and their adversaries

Part of book or chapter of book

open access

Augusteijn, J.; Hijzen, C.; Vries, M.L. de 2019

Concluding remarks

Part of book or chapter of book

open access

Koper, Martin 2018

Does democracy help Africa? : an inquiry into multiparty democracy, political settlement, and economic development in Africa

Book (monograph)

open access

Western donor countries consider a proper functioning multiparty democracy as one of the most import conditions for achieving more legitimate governance and subsequently economic development and... Show moreWestern donor countries consider a proper functioning multiparty democracy as one of the most import conditions for achieving more legitimate governance and subsequently economic development and reduction of poverty in their partner countries. Support to free and fair elections is an integral part of the ‘good governance’ agenda of the traditional donor community. On the basis of the findings of this study, it appears however that it is not so much the acceptance of Western type political institutions or compliance with generally endorsed liberal-democratic standards that determine the possibilities for developing countries to achieve economic transformation and substantial poverty reduction, but rather the nature of the political settlement among the political elites. Show less

Janse, M.J.; Velde, H. te 2017

Organizing Democracy: Reflections on the Rise of Political Organizations in the Nineteenth Century

Book editorial

open access

This book explores the new types of political organization that emerged in Western Europe and the United States during the nineteenth century, from popular meetings to single-issue organizations... Show moreThis book explores the new types of political organization that emerged in Western Europe and the United States during the nineteenth century, from popular meetings to single-issue organizations and political parties. The development of these has often been used to demonstrate a movement towards democratic representation or political institutionalization. This volume challenges the idea that the development of ‘democracy’ is a story of rise and progress at all. It is rather a story of continuous but never completely satisfying attempts of interpreting the rule of the people. Taking the perspective of nineteenth-century organizers as its point of departure, this study shows that contemporaries hardly distinguished between petitioning, meeting and association. The attraction of organizing was that it promised representation, accountability and popular participation. Only in the twentieth century did parties reliable partners for the state in averting revolution, managing the unpredictable effects of universal suffrage, and reforming society. This collection analyzes them in their earliest stage, as just one of several types of civil society organizations, that did not differ that much from each other. The promise of organization, and the experiments that resulted from it, deeply impacted modern politics. Show less

Jara Ibarra, C. 2016

Trayectorias de (des)movilización de la sociedad civil chilena : post-trauma, gobernabilidad y neoliberalismo en la restauración democrática (1990-2010)

Doctoral Thesis

open access

According to different diagnoses, the advent of democracy in Chile was characterised by a fragmentation of and crisis within social movements, due to the lack of demonstrations by civilian society... Show moreAccording to different diagnoses, the advent of democracy in Chile was characterised by a fragmentation of and crisis within social movements, due to the lack of demonstrations by civilian society and even due to an absence of civilians. The aim of this study is to examine and open up debate on activation processes and the deactivation of Chilean civil society in particular, paying special attention to the period of democratic reconstruction during the four Concertación governments as a time of social demobilisation. In the same way, this study goes into more depth and broadens academic discussion on the factors that influenced this deactivation. It poses that social demobilisation between 1990 and 2010 was heavily influenced by traumatic post-dictatorial memories, by civil society’s relationship with the state and the paradigm of governability and, finally, by the market and logic of neoliberal modernity. The influence of political, psychological and economic factors as important inhibitors of eventual mobilising actions in the transition become, at the same time, components of this new socio-political mould. With this, new identities became possible and were also brought to light during the 2011 cycle of demonstrations. Show less

Larik, J.E. 2013

Entrenching Global Governance: The EU’s constitutional objectives caught between a sanguine world view and a daunting reality

Part of book or chapter of book

open access

Diverse assessments of the EU's role in global governance suggest a great need for dependable and justifiable benchmarks. This chapter argues that constitutional foreign policy objectives are an... Show moreDiverse assessments of the EU's role in global governance suggest a great need for dependable and justifiable benchmarks. This chapter argues that constitutional foreign policy objectives are an important source for such benchmarks — for conceptual, empirical, and normative reasons. Conceptually speaking, global governance is an inherently rule-oriented as well as goal-oriented concept. Empirically, such substantive global governance goals can be found today in many constitutions, including those of the rising powers of the emerging multipolar world. EU primary law post-Lisbon is part of this trend, but also goes further. Next to an extensive collection of substantive objectives, it also puts a distinctive emphasis on law as an essential ingredient of its foreign policy and consequently of its vision for global governance. From a normative point of view, the peculiar features pertaining to constitutional law as a source for global governance guidance, as opposed to policy documents or other law, appear at first sight as problematic. In particular for the EU, facing the challenge of ‘relative decline’ in a multi-polar world, entrenching such an ambitious agenda in its highest laws may appear as audacious wishful thinking. On closer inspection, however, these particular features reveal the true value of the constitutional codification of a global governance agenda. Show less

Hashemi, N. 2002

Alexis de Tocqueville and Democracy in Muslim Societies

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Following the tragic events of 11 September 2001, the relationship between religion and democracy has emerged as one of the most important and vexing questions of our age, particularly as it... Show moreFollowing the tragic events of 11 September 2001, the relationship between religion and democracy has emerged as one of the most important and vexing questions of our age, particularly as it relates to Muslim societies. Most of the theoretical debate surrounding this relationship involves a discussion of Arab and Islamic political culture, secularism, and the problems of separating mosque and state in Muslim political theory. A critical prerequisite for democratic development is the transformation of religion. This conclusion is implicit in the writings of one of the early theoreticians of democracy, Alexis de Tocqueville. What lessons can democratic activists in the Muslim world learn from his observations of the early American republic? Show less

Rutten, M.M.E.M. 2000

The Kenyan general elections of 1997: implementing a new model for international election observation in Africa

Part of book or chapter of book

open access

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