The treatment of choice for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is complete surgical excision. Incomplete excision of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma has an increased risk of local recurrence, deep... Show moreThe treatment of choice for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is complete surgical excision. Incomplete excision of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma has an increased risk of local recurrence, deep subclinical progression, and metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the proportion and risk factors of incomplete excised cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. A systematic review of the literature was performed. Incomplete excision rates for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma ranged from 0.4% to 35.7%. The pooled incomplete excision risk estimate was 13% (95% confidence interval 9-17%). Risk factors noted in more than one study for incomplete excision included tumor depth and size, type of operator, head and neck localization, and former incomplete excision. We found an overall incomplete excision rate of 13% for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Risk factors should be taken into account in the management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma surgical treatment. Show less
Itch is an unpleasant symptom, affecting many dermatological patients. Studies investigating the occurrence and intensity of itch in dermatological patients often focus on a single skin disease and... Show moreItch is an unpleasant symptom, affecting many dermatological patients. Studies investigating the occurrence and intensity of itch in dermatological patients often focus on a single skin disease and omit a control group with healthy skin. The aim of this multi-centre study was to assess the occurrence, chronicity and intensity (visual analogue scale 0–10) of itch in patients with different skin diseases and healthy-skin controls. Out of 3,530 dermatological patients, 54.3% reported itch (mean ± standard deviation itch intensity 5.5 ± 2.5), while out of 1,094 healthy-skin controls 8% had itch (3.6 ± 2.3). Chronic itch was reported by 36.9% of the patients and 4.7% of the healthy-skin controls. Itch was most frequent (occurrence rates higher than 80%) in patients with unclassified pruritus, prurigo and related conditions, atopic dermatitis and hand eczema. However, many patients with psychodermatological conditions and naevi also reported itch (occurrence rates higher than 19%). Show less
Placebo effects are positive outcomes that are not due to active treatment components, which may be elicited even when patients are aware of receiving an inert substance (open-label). This proof-of... Show morePlacebo effects are positive outcomes that are not due to active treatment components, which may be elicited even when patients are aware of receiving an inert substance (open-label). This proof-of-principle study investigated for the first time whether open-label placebo effects on itch can be induced by verbal suggestions alone. Ninety-two healthy volunteers were randomized to experimental (open-label suggestions) or control (no suggestions) groups. Self-reported itch evoked by histamine iontophoresis was the primary study outcome. In addition, itch expectations, skin condition and affect were assessed. The experimental group expected lower itch than the control group, which was, in turn, related to less experienced itch in this group only, although no significantly different itch levels were reported between groups. The results illustrate a potential role for open-label placebo effects in itch, and suggest that further study of verbal suggestions through an extensive explanation of placebo effects might be promising for clinical practice. Show less
Skin disease and its therapy affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study was to measure the burden caused by dermatological therapy in 3,846 patients from 13 European... Show moreSkin disease and its therapy affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study was to measure the burden caused by dermatological therapy in 3,846 patients from 13 European countries. Adult outpatients completed questionnaires, including the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), which has a therapy impact question. Therapy issues were reported by a majority of patients with atopic dermatitis (63.4%), psoriasis (60.7%), prurigo (54.4%), hidradenitis suppurativa (54.3%) and blistering conditions (53%). The largest reduction in HRQoL attributable to therapy, as a percentage of total DLQI, adjusted for confounders, was seen in blistering conditions (10.7%), allergic/drug reactions (10.2%), psoriasis (9.9%), vasculitis/immunological ulcers (8.8%), atopic dermatitis (8.7%), and venous leg ulcers (8.5%). In skin cancer, although it had less impact on HRQoL, the reduction due to therapy was 6.8%. Treatment for skin disease contributes considerably to reducing HRQoL: the burden of dermatological treatment should be considered when planning therapy and designing new dermatological therapies. Show less
Nocebo effects, i.e. reduced treatment effects due to patients’ negative expectations, play a role in itch. Recent studies have shown that nocebo effects can be induced experimentally on itch and... Show moreNocebo effects, i.e. reduced treatment effects due to patients’ negative expectations, play a role in itch. Recent studies have shown that nocebo effects can be induced experimentally on itch and also be minimized and even turned into the opposite direction, i.e. placebo effects. It is not known whether these effects generalize to itch-associated scratching behaviour. The aim of this study was to determine whether induction and reversal of nocebo effects on itch evoked by electrical and histamine stimuli generalized to scratching. Ninety-seven healthy participants were included in the study. The manipulation was successful, as during the nocebo learning phase, increased scratching responses were found for higher intensity compared with lower intensity itch stimuli. During the testing phase of induction or reversal of the nocebo effects, however, no significant nocebo effects or reversed nocebo effects, were found in scratching. Thus, no straightforward generalization of nocebo effects from itch to scratching was found in this laboratory setting. Further investigation into possible generalization is needed in different settings and in patients with chronic itch. Show less
Spillekom-Van Koulil, S.; Ferwerda, M.; Beugen, S. van; Middendorp, H. van; Van de Kerkhof, P.C.M.; Van Riel, P.L.C.M.; Evers, A.W.M. 2018
Chronic somatic conditions, such as psoriasis, arthritis psoriatica and rheumatoid arthritis, have a large impact on patients’ lives. Tailored therapist-guided internet-based cognitive-behavioural... Show moreChronic somatic conditions, such as psoriasis, arthritis psoriatica and rheumatoid arthritis, have a large impact on patients’ lives. Tailored therapist-guided internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy (ICBT) has been shown to be effective in improving physical and psychological well-being in these patients. Two cases are presented here, in order to provide an in-depth illustration of the course and content of this novel treatment and to investigate the therapeutic alliance in an online treatment. After face-to-face intakes, both patients received therapist-guided ICBT tailored to their specific problems and treatment goals. The treatment resulted in improved physical and psychological well-being and these clinically significant improvements were maintained at 6-month follow-up. In addition, the therapeutic relationship was evaluated positively by both patients and increased further during treatment, indicating an adequate therapeutic working alliance in this online treatment. These case reports show that tailored ICBT may contribute to improved care for patients with chronic somatic conditions. Show less
Roest, Y.B.M.; Middendorp, H. van; Evers, A.W.M.; Kerkhof, P.C.M. van de; Pasch, M.C. 2018
Alopecia areata (AA) is an immune-mediated disease causing temporary or permanent hair loss. Up to 46% of patients with AA also have nail involvement. The aim of this study was to determine the... Show moreAlopecia areata (AA) is an immune-mediated disease causing temporary or permanent hair loss. Up to 46% of patients with AA also have nail involvement. The aim of this study was to determine the presence, types, and clinical implications of nail changes in patients with AA. This questionnaire-based survey evaluated 256 patients with AA. General demographic variables, specific nail changes, nail-related quality of life (QoL), and treatment history and need were evaluated. Prevalence of nail involvement in AA was 64.1%. The specific nail signs reported most frequently were pitting (29.7%, p = 0.008) and trachyonychia (18.0%). Red spots on the lunula were less frequent (5.1%), but very specific for severe AA. Nail-related QoL was only minimally affected by nail changes. In conclusion, nail involvement is common in patients with AA and presents mostly with pitting and trachyonychia. The presence of these nail changes reflects the severity of the disease, with red spots on the lunula as a predictor for severe alopecia Show less
Bartels, D.; Laarhoven, A. van; Stroo, M.; Hijne, K.; Peerdeman, K.; Donders, R.; ... ; Evers, A. 2017
