In order to reduce antisocial behavior (ASB) and associated individual and societal problems, insight into determinants of ASB is warranted. Increasing efforts have been made to combine biological... Show moreIn order to reduce antisocial behavior (ASB) and associated individual and societal problems, insight into determinants of ASB is warranted. Increasing efforts have been made to combine biological and social factors in explaining antisocial development. Two types of biological parameters have been studied vastly and provide the most compelling evidence for associations between biosocial interaction and ASB: peri/prenatal complications and psychophysiological parameters. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize empirical evidence on interactions between these biological measures and social risk factors in predicting ASB. In doing so, we aimed to (1) examine whether specific peri/prenatal and psychophysiological measures composite a vulnerability to social risk and increase risk for specific types of ASB, and (2) evaluate the application of divergent biosocial theoretical models. Based on a total of 50 studies (documented in 66 publications), associations between biological parameters and ASB were generally found to be stronger in the context of adverse social environments. In addition, associations between biosocial interaction and ASB were stronger for more severe and violent types of ASB. Further, in the context of social risk, under-arousal was associated with proactive aggression, while over-arousal was associated with reactive aggression. Empirical findings are discussed in terms of distinct biosocial theoretical perspectives that aim to explain ASB and important unresolved empirical issues are outlined. Show less
Hazebroek, B.C.M. van; Blokland, A.A.J.; Wermink, H.T.; Keijser, J.W. de; Popma, A.; Domburgh, L. van 2019
Dit onderzoek geeft inzicht in de toepassingspraktijk van de voorlopige hechtenis bij jeugdige verdachten. Voor het eerst is door middel van een dossierstudie in kaart gebracht wat de kenmerken... Show moreDit onderzoek geeft inzicht in de toepassingspraktijk van de voorlopige hechtenis bij jeugdige verdachten. Voor het eerst is door middel van een dossierstudie in kaart gebracht wat de kenmerken zijn van deze populatie jeugdigen en hoe deze kenmerken zich verhouden tot de rechterlijke besluitvorming over de voorlopige hechtenis. Hiermee geeft dit onderzoek nieuwe inzichten in de kenmerken die verband houden met de beslissingen van de rechter-commissaris en raadkamer over de schorsing van de voorlopige hechtenis. Is het bijvoorbeeld zo dat bepaalde jeugdigen minder kans hebben op een schorsing dan andere jeugdigen? Ook laat het onderzoek zien hoe beslissingen over de voorlopige hechtenis van jeugdige verdachten zich verhouden tot de uiteindelijke afdoening van jeugdstrafzaken en in hoeverre van de voorlopige hechtenis een ‘prejudiciërende werking’ uitgaat. De bevindingen van dit onderzoek kunnen worden gebruikt om beter invulling te geven aan de verplichtingen die voortvloeien uit het Nederlandse en internationale recht ten aanzien van jeugdigen in voorlopige hechtenis. Ook wordt een belangrijke basis gelegd voor specifieke beleidskeuzes die zijn gericht op de ontwikkeling van passende alternatieven voor de voorlopige hechtenis van jeugdige verdachten in justitiële jeugdinrichtingen. Show less
Wermink, H.T.; Wingerden, S. van; Wilsem, J. van; Nieuwbeerta, P. 2017
Ethnic and racial disparities in sentencing receive considerable scholarly inquiry. Much of this research, though, is limited to black/white or black/white/Hispanic comparisons in the United States... Show moreEthnic and racial disparities in sentencing receive considerable scholarly inquiry. Much of this research, though, is limited to black/white or black/white/Hispanic comparisons in the United States. This study examines ethnic disparities in more detail by comparing imprisonment decisions for several understudied (specific) ethnic minority groups, such as Surinamese and Moroccan suspects. Moreover, this study addresses the fundamental issue about how distinct immigrant generations are sanctioned and whether this is a marker of stratification. This broadens our insight in the role of ethnicity as a sentencing factor, since the distinct ethnic groups and immigrant generations differ in their level of economic and social integration in the Dutch society. Three different datasets are analyzed to assess ethnic disparities in sentencing in the Netherlands, allowing us to take other sentencing factors, such as criminal history, offense characteristics, and personal circumstances, into account. These three data sources include data on different suspect populations because they are collected at different stages of the criminal proceedings. Results suggest that there are first-generation and second-generation ethnic disparities in imprisonment decisions in all datasets, even after controlling in detail for other sentencing factors. Show less
