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Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change
Xu, W.B.; Guo, W.Y.; Serra-Diaz, J.M.; Schrodt, F.; Eiserhardt, W.L.; Enquist, B.J.; ... ; Ordonez, A. 2023
Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change
Article / Letter to editor
open access
As Earth's climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it... Show moreAs Earth's climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it remains unclear how paleoclimate shapes spatial variation in biodiversity. Here, we assessed the influence of Quaternary climate change on spatial dissimilarity in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition among neighboring 200-kilometer cells (beta-diversity) for angiosperm trees worldwide. We found that larger glacial-interglacial temperature change was strongly associated with lower spatial turnover (species replacements) and higher nestedness (richness changes) components of beta-diversity across all three biodiversity facets. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional turnover was lower and nestedness higher than random expectations based on taxonomic beta-diversity in regions that experienced large temperature change, reflecting phylogenetically and functionally selective processes in species replacement, extinction, and colonization during glacial-interglacial oscillations. Our results suggest that future human-driven climate change could cause local homogenization and reduction in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of angiosperm trees worldwide. Show less
Decoupled diversity dynamics in green and brown webs during primary succession in a saltmarsh
Schrama, M.J.J.; Plas, F. van der; Berg, M.P.; Olff, H. 2016
Decoupled diversity dynamics in green and brown webs during primary succession in a saltmarsh
Article / Letter to editor
open access
2017-11-17T00:00:00Z
  1. Terrestrial ecosystems are characterized by a strong functional connection between the green (plant–herbivore‐based) and brown (detritus–detritivore‐based) parts of the food web, which both develop...

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  1. Terrestrial ecosystems are characterized by a strong functional connection between the green (plant–herbivore‐based) and brown (detritus–detritivore‐based) parts of the food web, which both develop over successional time. However, the interlinked changes in green and brown food web diversity patterns in relation to key ecosystem processes are rarely studied.
  2. Here, we demonstrate changes in species richness, diversity and evenness over a wide range of invertebrate green and brown trophic groups during 100 years of primary succession in a saltmarsh ecosystem, using a well‐calibrated chronosequence.
  3. We contrast two hypotheses on the relationship between green and brown food web diversity across succession: (i) ‘coupled diversity hypothesis’, which predicts that all trophic groups covary similarly with the main drivers of successional ecosystem assembly vs. (ii) the ‘decoupled diversity hypothesis’, where green and brown trophic groups diversity respond to different drivers during succession.
  4. We found that, while species richness for plants and invertebrate herbivores (green web groups) both peaked at intermediate productivity and successional age, the diversity of macrodetritivores, microarthropod microbivores and secondary consumers (brown web groups) continuously increased towards the latest successional stages. These results suggest that green web trophic groups are mainly driven by vegetation parameters, such as the amount of bare soil, vegetation biomass production and vegetation height, while brown web trophic groups are mostly driven by the production and standing stock of dead organic material and soil development.
  5. Our results show that plant diversity cannot simply be used as a proxy for the diversity of all other species groups that drive ecosystem functioning, as brown and green diversity components in our ecosystem responded differently to successional gradients.

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