Jihadisme en rechts-extremisme in het Westen zijn geen ultieme anderen van elkaar noch van de maatschappij. Zij zijn in elk geval ten dele het product van laat-moderne samenlevingen en vertonen... Show moreJihadisme en rechts-extremisme in het Westen zijn geen ultieme anderen van elkaar noch van de maatschappij. Zij zijn in elk geval ten dele het product van laat-moderne samenlevingen en vertonen opvallende gelijkenissen met elkaar en de bredere samenleving. Ten aanzien van de ontologische onzekerheden in de laat-moderne samenleving biedt hun extremisme voorts een dubbele redding: zowel van hun gemeenschap als voor zichzelf. Show less
In this PhD-research, the main question addressed is whether or not conspiracy constructions are boosting hatred against the political system - and if conspiracy constructions could prompt... Show more In this PhD-research, the main question addressed is whether or not conspiracy constructions are boosting hatred against the political system - and if conspiracy constructions could prompt violent actions against politicians, institutions or symbols of the political system. Based on research into digital communities in which conspiracy constructions flourish, the research concludes that conspiracy constructions function as substitute ideologies and substitute religions in a post-political setting. Offering a clear master narrative of 'Us' and 'Them', and making a complex world eligible again, conspiracy constructions function as coded social critiques informing those who feel alienated, neglected and betrayed by the political establishment. However, as conspiracy constructions neglect real social and political opposites, cleavages and antagonisms that divide each society and construct a fictitious homogeneous 'People', the political mobilizing potential of conspiracy constructions is almost absent. Notwithstanding the violent and hateful discourse on social media one should not exaggerate the risks in terms of national security. The popularity of conspiracy constructions and the hateful discourse against the political system signals foremost powerlessness, despair and resentment that finds an outlet on social media. Show less
