Al meer dan twintig jaar wordt het debat over moslims en islam beheerst door onderwerpen als integratie, normen en waarden, inburgering en de rechtsstaat. Inmiddels zijn we bijna twee generaties... Show moreAl meer dan twintig jaar wordt het debat over moslims en islam beheerst door onderwerpen als integratie, normen en waarden, inburgering en de rechtsstaat. Inmiddels zijn we bijna twee generaties verder, onderging de samenleving drastische ontwikkelingen, maar hoe Nederland met moslims en de islam omgaat lijkt onveranderd. In '2004. Islam in Nederland' legt Maurits Berger uit hoe dat zo is gekomen. Hij laat zien dat het jaar 2004 hierin een cruciale rol speelt. De opvattingen die toen zijn ontstaan, zijn nog steeds bepalend voor vandaag. Twee daarvan zijn dominant: de fixatie op veiligheid en de beschouwing van de islam als een uitzonderlijke godsdienst. Berger wijst op de risico’s van deze ideeën en doet suggesties hoe daaruit te komen. Show less
One of the major challenges during glioblastoma surgery is balancing between maximizing extent of resection and preventing neurological deficits. Several surgical techniques and adjuncts have been... Show moreOne of the major challenges during glioblastoma surgery is balancing between maximizing extent of resection and preventing neurological deficits. Several surgical techniques and adjuncts have been developed to help identify eloquent areas both preoperatively (fMRI, nTMS, MEG, DTI) and intraoperatively (imaging (ultrasound, iMRI), electrostimulation (mapping), cerebral perfusion measurements (fUS)), and visualization (5-ALA, fluoresceine)). In this review, we give an update of the state-of-the-art management of both primary and recurrent glioblastomas. We will review the latest surgical advances, challenges, and approaches that define the onco-neurosurgical practice in a contemporary setting and give an overview of the current prospective scientific efforts. Show less
Background Mapping techniques are frequently used to preserve neurological function during glioma surgery. There is, however, no consensus regarding the use of many variables of these techniques.... Show moreBackground Mapping techniques are frequently used to preserve neurological function during glioma surgery. There is, however, no consensus regarding the use of many variables of these techniques. Currently, there are almost no objective data available about potential heterogeneity between surgeons and centers. The goal of this survey is therefore to globally identify, evaluate and analyze the local mapping procedures in glioma surgery. Methods The survey was distributed to members of the neurosurgical societies of the Netherlands (Nederlandse Vereniging voor Neurochirurgie-NVVN), Europe (European Association of Neurosurgical Societies-EANS), and the United States (Congress of Neurological Surgeons-CNS) between December 2020 and January 2021 with questions about awake mapping, asleep mapping, assessment of neurological morbidity, and decision making. Results Survey responses were obtained from 212 neurosurgeons from 42 countries. Overall, significant differences were observed for equipment and its settings that are used for both awake and asleep mapping, intraoperative assessment of eloquent areas, the use of surgical adjuncts and monitoring, anesthesia management, assessment of neurological morbidity, and perioperative decision making. Academic practices performed awake and asleep mapping procedures more often and employed a clinical neurophysiologist with telemetric monitoring more frequently. European neurosurgeons differed from US neurosurgeons regarding the modality for cortical/subcortical mapping and awake/asleep mapping, the use of surgical adjuncts, and anesthesia management during awake mapping. Discussion This survey demonstrates the heterogeneity among surgeons and centers with respect to their procedures for awake mapping, asleep mapping, assessing neurological morbidity, and decision making in glioma patients. These data invite further evaluations for key variables that can be optimized and may therefore benefit from consensus. Show less
Dit artikel betoogt dat de term sektarisme een vertekenend beeld oplevert van de situatie in het Midden-Oosten. Deze conclusie wordt bereikt aan de hand van drie discussies. De eerste discussie is... Show moreDit artikel betoogt dat de term sektarisme een vertekenend beeld oplevert van de situatie in het Midden-Oosten. Deze conclusie wordt bereikt aan de hand van drie discussies. De eerste discussie is een hermeneutische analyse van het concept sektarisme, waaruit blijkt dat de term in haar huidige gebruik onvoldoende theoretische gronding heeft en uitgaat van vooronderstellingen. De tweede discussie is van praktische aard en gaat in op de veelvoorkomende aanname dat islam een belangrijke bron zou zijn van sektarische conflicten. Aan de hand van een historisch-comparatieve analyse zal blijken dat deze aanname niet juist is. Weliswaar speelt religie een belangrijke rol in de diverse spanningen en conflicten in het Midden-Oosten, maar – zo zal blijken uit de derde discussie – dat zegt meer over de sociaal-politieke dynamiek van deze tijd dan over de aard van religie zelf, en die van islam in het bijzonder. Show less
slamic higher education finds itself at the cross-roads of a variety of developments: it oscillates between the ‘teaching into’ approach of Theology and the ‘teaching about’ approach of Religious... Show moreslamic higher education finds itself at the cross-roads of a variety of developments: it oscillates between the ‘teaching into’ approach of Theology and the ‘teaching about’ approach of Religious Studies, between the security-driven need for a ‘European Islam’ and a European Muslim-driven need for a high-quality education in ‘Islam in Europe’, between traditional one-way knowledge dissemination and innovative two-way knowledge sharing, and between Islam as defined and discussed by scholars and Islam as defined and discussed by the public. This myriad of dynamics is challenging and a source of tensions among all parties involved, in particular between lecturers and students. In this article, a qualitative self-study research based on personal experiences with various Islamic higher education programs at Leiden University will be used to reflect on the broader developments in Islamic higher education programs in Europe. It argues that thinking about Islamic higher education is not a process of finding solutions to problems but is a process of educational opportunities and innovation. Show less
The only Sharia court that exists in Europe is located at the eastern tip of Greece. In this travelogue of his fieldtrips to the region, professor Maurits Berger gives a unique insight into the... Show moreThe only Sharia court that exists in Europe is located at the eastern tip of Greece. In this travelogue of his fieldtrips to the region, professor Maurits Berger gives a unique insight into the workings of that court. His encounters with Muftis, Muslims and Christians are interspersed with background information and personal reflections on the larger issues, such as religious courts, Islamic law, Turkish-Greek politics, Islam in Europe, minorities and human rights. This book is intended for anyone who is interested in today’s issues of Muslims and Islam in Europe. The book is accompanied by unique film material about the mufti of the last Sharia Court in Europe. Show less
On its face, the ruling in Molla Sali v. Greece (European Court of Human Rights 2018) was about choice of forum: in an inheritance dispute, could heirs choose to apply Islamic inheriance law or did...Show moreOn its face, the ruling in Molla Sali v. Greece (European Court of Human Rights 2018) was about choice of forum: in an inheritance dispute, could heirs choose to apply Islamic inheriance law or did a will drawn up in accordance with Greek inheritance law govern a Muslim decedent's estate? The case is significant not so much for its outcome, but because it involved features of two legal systems that are relatively unknown among European and American jurists: interpersonal law and Islamic law in the autonomous region of Greece. The Court's reasoning provides detailed insight into how features of these systems may clash with systems of European civil and common law, particularly in the framework of human rights.Show less
In dit artikel onderneem ik de poging om een samenvattend model te ontwikkelen van het begrip ‘sharia in het Westen’. Dit model is opgebouwd uit drie onderdelen. Het eerste onderdeel betreft de... Show moreIn dit artikel onderneem ik de poging om een samenvattend model te ontwikkelen van het begrip ‘sharia in het Westen’. Dit model is opgebouwd uit drie onderdelen. Het eerste onderdeel betreft de vraag ‘wat is sharia?’ en bespreekt de manieren waarop sharia wordt toegepast door Westerse moslims en de domeinen waarin ze dit doen. Dit onderdeel is vorig jaar in nummer3 van dit tijdschrift besproken. Het tweede onderdeel van het model betreft de vraag ‘wat is het Westen?’ en bespreekt de Westerse omgeving waarin de ‘sharia’ actief is en de Westerse reacties op deze sharia. Het eerste en tweede deel van het model kunnen we beschouwen als actie en reactie, en het derde deel vormt de synthese daarvan: wat is de respons van de mos‐ lims? Het tweede deel (‘Het Westen’) en het derde deel (‘Reacties van moslims’) zijn het onderwerp van het onderhavige artikel. Show less
