Les mots et concepts de la psychologie environnementale sont pléthores et peuvent parfois sembler confus, étant donnée la pluralité des chercheurs et praticiens qui les explorent depuis des... Show moreLes mots et concepts de la psychologie environnementale sont pléthores et peuvent parfois sembler confus, étant donnée la pluralité des chercheurs et praticiens qui les explorent depuis des décennies. La déconnexion avec la nature et les conditions de vie dégradées ont d’abord conduit à mettre l’accent sur l’amélioration de l’habitat pour finalement aboutir à la psychologie de l’architecture. Puis l’évolution de cet intérêt pour l’environnement naturel et la nécessité de préserver la nature et les ressources naturelles sont devenus des enjeux majeurs en termes de bien-être comme d’adaptation au dérèglement climatique.Que les comportements pro-environnementaux, écologiques ou durables soient abordés sous l’angle de l’amélioration des conditions de vie ou de changements d’habitudes pour assurer un comportement plus durable, il importe de toujours prendre en considération l’implication des processus psychologiques, physiologiques et sociaux pour comprendre les mécanismes qui expliquent l’évolution des comportements.Cet ouvrage rassemble les principaux mots et concepts clés qui expliquent ou permettent une meilleure compréhension des processus liés à la relation individu-environnement, ainsi que les applications qu’ils permettent dans divers champs d’intervention. Show less
The current chapter provides an overview of theory and research on the effects of emotions in bargaining. Three different ways in which emotions shape negotiations will be discussed. The first part... Show moreThe current chapter provides an overview of theory and research on the effects of emotions in bargaining. Three different ways in which emotions shape negotiations will be discussed. The first part focuses on how the experience of one's own emotions influences the bargaining process (i.e., the intrapersonal effects). The second part reviews how emotional expressions influence the other party in negotiations (i.e., the interpersonal effects). The last part will focus on how emotions influence deceptive strategies in negotiations, and how negotiators use their emotions to deceive their opponents. Finally, suggestions for future research and practical implications are discussed. Show less
Gotlieb, R.J.M.; Hickey-Moody, A.; Güroglu, B.; Burnard, P.; Horn, C.; Willcox, M.; ... ; Zhou, J. 2022
Eind november 2017 verscheen er een interview met Naomi Ellemers in het Financieele Dagblad. Naar aanleiding van haar onderzoek bij de Universiteit Utrecht sprak zij over de toepassing van... Show moreEind november 2017 verscheen er een interview met Naomi Ellemers in het Financieele Dagblad. Naar aanleiding van haar onderzoek bij de Universiteit Utrecht sprak zij over de toepassing van psychologische inzichten in de praktijk. Juist op dat moment was Monique Wesselink, programmamanager bij de Academie voor Wetgeving en de Academie voor Overheidsjuristen, op zoek naar mogelijkheden om in het opleidingsprogramma aandacht te besteden aan kennis over gedrag. Zij benaderde Naomi met een verzoek om samenwerking. “De kennis van juristen over de psychologische werkelijkheid is beperkt,” aldus Wesselink in het eerste contact met Ellemers. Toch leek er een behoefte te bestaan aan meer inzicht op dat gebied, zoals ook naar voren komt uit de volgende citaten van latere cursisten: Ik zie diverse dossiers met concept wet- en regelgeving. Daarin lijkt soms regelgeving te staan die minder goed aansluit bij de werkbaarheid en uitvoerbaarheid ervan. Ik … stoorde mij aan de bestaande …wetgeving, die vaak achter de werkelijkheid aanloopt, niet altijd logisch of leesbaar is of aansluit bij de praktijk. … … door alle antimisbruikbepalingen [wordt] de wetgeving onleesbaar (ook voor uitvoerende instanties…). Op dit moment wordt er in de algemene wet bestuursrecht (en in andere regelgeving) te weinig rekening gehouden met het doenvermogen van burgers, waar door beslissingen worden genomen die niet goed bij hun situatie aansluiten en grote problemen kunnen opleveren. Show less
This chapter examines an important barrier to achieving more equality in society: the resilience of dominant group members to social change initiatives. We build on relevant theory and research to... Show moreThis chapter examines an important barrier to achieving more equality in society: the resilience of dominant group members to social change initiatives. We build on relevant theory and research to examine structural and psychological factors that contribute to the emergence of “status stress,” that is, the threat among those high in status due to shifting inter-group status relations. We describe psychophysiological research revealing that as long as status differences are stable, members of lower status (disadvantaged or subordinate) groups show cardiovascular responses indicative of threat (high vascular resistance, low cardiac performance, high blood pressure). However, when status differences become unstable, this cardiovascular threat response emerges among members of higher status (privileged, dominant) groups. Importantly, these responses occur autonomously, implying both that they are relatively uncontrollable and that they may not show up in self-reports. Nevertheless, research shows that the emergence of status stress has a clear and predictable impact on behavior. We discuss the implications of these insights for interventions that seek to overcome defensiveness against social change among members of dominant groups. Show less
According to social identity theory, people derive part of their identity – their social identity – from the groups to which they belong (e.g., an identity as “student,” “woman,” “left-hander,” or ... Show moreAccording to social identity theory, people derive part of their identity – their social identity – from the groups to which they belong (e.g., an identity as “student,” “woman,” “left-hander,” or “Barcelona supporter”). Social identities differ in strength and content. The strength component is conceptualized in terms of social identification (e.g., “I identity strongly with Europeans”), while the content of social identity is determined by the group’s features (e.g., colors associated with a soccer team) and norms (e.g., “real men don’t cry”). Social identity determines emotions (e.g., depression after a team loss) and behavior (e.g., discrimination against out-groups or effort on behalf of one’s in-group). In this chapter we outline the basic features of social identity theory – from social categorization to coping with a negative social identity – and then discuss two important domains of application: health and organizations. We conclude by describing a social identity-based intervention for improving intergroup relations in an educational setting. Show less
Hickendorff, M.; Torbeyns, J.; Verschaffel, L. 2019
This chapter provides an overview of the current findings about (the obstacles in) primary school children’s strategy use in the domain of multi-digit arithmetic. This involves addition,... Show moreThis chapter provides an overview of the current findings about (the obstacles in) primary school children’s strategy use in the domain of multi-digit arithmetic. This involves addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division tasks in which at least one of the operands contains two or more digits. For both the additive and multiplicative domains, we provide a comprehensive framework for the classification of strategies, with two dimensions: (1) the operation that underlies the solution process and (2) the way the numbers are dealt with in computing the outcome (manipulating whole numbers or single digits). Empirical findings of children’s strategy use in the additive and multiplicative domain show that children use a variety of number-based strategies efficiently and adaptively before the introduction of the digit-based algorithms. The introduction of the digit-based algorithms seems a critical instructional event: children show a large tendency to use the digit-based algorithms once they are instructed, and they do so rather efficiently. The major obstacles children encounter in developing, selecting, or executing these strategies are their conceptual understanding, procedural fluency, and adaptive/flexible strategy selection. Show less
Veldhuijzen, D.S.; Middendorp, H. van; Evers, A.W.M. 2018
Stress and sensitization are central concepts in chronic pain. Both can be a consequence and a contributor to the pain experience. This chapter describes the psychobiology of stress and... Show moreStress and sensitization are central concepts in chronic pain. Both can be a consequence and a contributor to the pain experience. This chapter describes the psychobiology of stress and sensitization within a multilevel perspective, indicating the impact of various forms of stress and sensitization on multiple psychoneurobiological processes (i.e., autonomic, endocrine, immune, and central processes) related to chronic pain. As a result of disordered stress regulation, sensitization may occur as a mechanism that explains how acute pain problems can become chronic and how acute pain problems can extend or generalize to other body parts or modalities. The evidence for stress and sensitization as consequences of or as contributors to chronic pain is reviewed, and possible underlying mechanisms are discussed. Next, strategies to reduce stress and sensitization and foster desensitization processes are described. The chapter concludes by introducing a motivational account of chronic pain informed by the stress and sensitization literature. Show less
