Door onder meer de grote belangstelling voor strafzaken, toegenomen mondigheid van burgers en meer polarisatie in de rechtszaal, rijst de vraag of de rechter nog voldoende is toegerust om zijn taak... Show moreDoor onder meer de grote belangstelling voor strafzaken, toegenomen mondigheid van burgers en meer polarisatie in de rechtszaal, rijst de vraag of de rechter nog voldoende is toegerust om zijn taak naar behoren te vervullen. Daarbij wordt regelmatig gesuggereerd dat in Nederland behoefte bestaat aan het Angelsaksische instrument van contempt of court. In dit onderzoek is daarom in kaart gebracht wat contempt of court inhoudt, waarbij het rechtsstelsel van Engeland en Wales centraal staat. Om de genoemde suggestie te kunnen beoordelen is ook geïnventariseerd welke vergelijkbare waarborgen voor een goede strafrechtspleging reeds in Nederland voorhanden zijn. Aan de hand van een vergelijking van de bevindingen uit beide rechtsstelsels wordt geconcludeerd dat contempt of court een instrument is dat zich niet goed leent voor implementatie in de Nederlandse rechtsorde. Bovendien blijkt dat in Nederland een tamelijk adequaat stelsel van waarborgen bestaat. Waar de handhavingsmogelijkheden toch ontoereikend zijn worden enkele meer in de eigen rechtscultuur passende instrumenten voorgesteld. Hoewel deze instrumenten kunnen bijdragen aan de waarborging van een goede strafrechtspleging, is ook gebleken dat veel uitdagingen waarvoor de strafrechter zich tegenwoordig gesteld ziet, niet met een contempt-achtige bepaling kunnen worden opgelost. De bevindingen worden daarom ook in breder perspectief geplaatst. Show less
From guilds to regional education and training centres, the history of vocational education and training in the city of Leiden.This thesis addresses the history of vocational education and training... Show moreFrom guilds to regional education and training centres, the history of vocational education and training in the city of Leiden.This thesis addresses the history of vocational education and training (VET) in Leiden. It focuses on the question of responsibility for VET through six ages: public body or social initiatives? This is associated with the question whether educational objectives differ according to the body responsible. Is a more comprehensive education the concern of governments alone, and are social initiatives limited to narrow-based practical training?The point of departure is a study by Wolf-Dietrich Greinert. He distinguishes three VET models in response to industrialisation: the market model, the liberal response (predominant in England), the rational state-bureaucratic model (FRance), and the dual corporative model (Germany).The study shows that Leiden has not been dominated by a single model throughout the ages. Primarly responsibility for establishment and maintenance of VET has been borne consecutively by several bodies. The connection that Greinert finds between the body responsible and the goals pursued, is not manifest in the history of VET in Leiden. Goals set by public parties extended beyond professional skills only. And private initiatives also intended to provide a broader social education as well. Show less
This thesis focuses on the political decision-making culture of the Netherlands in the second half of the twentieth century. The dominant view of this culture has been one of compromise cooperation... Show moreThis thesis focuses on the political decision-making culture of the Netherlands in the second half of the twentieth century. The dominant view of this culture has been one of compromise cooperation and consensus. This view is strongly influenced by Lijphart’s 1968 book Politics of Accommodation. Since then, the extent to which this culture of consensus politics may have changed at the elite level is being debated. This study contributes to this debate by studying the parliamentary debates about some of the major socio-economic (social security) and ethico-religious issues (cremation, abortion and euthanasia). These debates have been characterized by studying the informal rules of the political game. Two sets of rules, corresponding to the dichotomy between consensus and majoritarian democracy, were used. An important observation is that the studied issues are difficult to position within the dichotomy of consensus and majoritarian politics. Only a few cases can be included, while most cases do not fall into either category or have characteristics of both. This leads to the main conclusion that the political elites primarily act on the basis of their own political interests, and less with regard to higher normative notions that underlie the concept of consensus politics. Show less
A biography of the statesman Fransen van de Putte (1822-1902). It's the story of his life as marine-officer, sailor, sugar entrepreneur and politician in colonial affairs. He was the leader of the... Show moreA biography of the statesman Fransen van de Putte (1822-1902). It's the story of his life as marine-officer, sailor, sugar entrepreneur and politician in colonial affairs. He was the leader of the Puttianen and he was the stongest opposer of the statesman Thorbecke. He abolished the cultuurstelsel in its most aspects. Under his responsibility the Atjeh war broke out. Show less
The research question of this dissertation is to what extent the conventional distinction in tax treatment, on the basis of residence, for the taxation of natural persons with regard to cross... Show moreThe research question of this dissertation is to what extent the conventional distinction in tax treatment, on the basis of residence, for the taxation of natural persons with regard to cross-border employment is compatible with (current) EU law, and to what extent it should be abandoned in order to facilitate the free movement of workers within the EU.The research includes, inter alia, a detailed analysis of the Schumacker case law of the European Court of Justice and a proposal for an EU directive that provides for taxation of employees on the basis of ability to pay that is independent of the place of residence (‘residence-independent taxation’). Show less
This research consists of four parts. Part I is the introductory part, which comprises two chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction, in which the central question of this research is formulated:'How... Show moreThis research consists of four parts. Part I is the introductory part, which comprises two chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction, in which the central question of this research is formulated:'How must (or could) the Dutch right of inquiry be interpreted and applied in respect of national and international groups of companies?'This question is divided into: (a) a question into current law; and (b) a question into desirable law. These questions are answered in Chapters 3 through 11. In the essence, the issue central to this research hinges on the fact that on the inside a group is an economic unit, but on the outside it is a legal plurality. Show less
External PhD candidate Annette Jenowein investigated how women have changed the meaning of gender by claiming their place in traditionally male-dominated domains. Her research focuses on the life... Show moreExternal PhD candidate Annette Jenowein investigated how women have changed the meaning of gender by claiming their place in traditionally male-dominated domains. Her research focuses on the life of Charlotte Jacobs: the first woman to establish herself as an independent pharmacist in the Dutch East Indies, a profession that was then regarded as a male profession. Since 1866, when girls were allowed to take the apprentice pharmacist's exam, a woman in the pharmacy was no longer a peculiarity. But when the first woman graduated as a pharmacist in 1881, (male) colleagues openly questioned whether a woman could also manage a busy pharmacy and establish business contacts just as well as a man could. Charlotte Jacobs, sister of Aletta Jacobs (1854-1929) - who was seven years younger and was a doctor and advocate for women's suffrage - managed to run her pharmacy in Batavia for nearly thirty years, all of which she managed exclusively with female assistants. Jenoweins research shows that the entry of women into male domains, such as science and higher professional work, has not only changed the meaning of gender, but has also radically changed the meaning of these institutions. After her death, Charlotte Jacobs earmarked a large part of her assets for a study fund for women and girls who wanted to study at a university but could not pay the costs themselves. This Charlotte Jacobs Study Fund still exists and flourishes and annually supports an average of thirty women and girls who want to study at a Dutch university. Show less
Het artikel dat mensenhandel strafbaar stelt, artikel 273f Wetboek van Strafrecht, is complex. De rechtspraktijk worstelt met zijn uitleg, in de literatuur wordt de bepaling een ‘gedrocht’ genoemd... Show moreHet artikel dat mensenhandel strafbaar stelt, artikel 273f Wetboek van Strafrecht, is complex. De rechtspraktijk worstelt met zijn uitleg, in de literatuur wordt de bepaling een ‘gedrocht’ genoemd.Wat is er aan de hand met de strafbaarstelling van mensenhandel? Wat is haar strekking en welke invloed heeft de Hoge Raad daarop in de afgelopen jaren uitgeoefend? In dit onderzoek worden de achtergronden van de strafbaarstelling van mensenhandel uitgeplozen. Niet alleen door het uitvoeren van verdiepend juridisch-historisch onderzoek, ook door de verschillende mensenhandelgedragingen stuk voor stuk theoretisch te belichten en de rechtspraak te analyseren. Met behulp van het rechtstheoretische concept van de rechtsbelangen wordt blootgelegd dat met de strafbaarstelling van mensenhandel zeer uiteenlopende doelen worden gediend. Dat geeft te denken over de wijze waarop de bepaling momenteel is ingericht en functioneert. Dit onderzoek leidt tot de conclusie dat de huidige stand van zaken schuurt met belangrijke beginselen van de democratische rechtsstaat, zoals de notie van rechtszekerheid en de leer van de machtenscheiding (trias politica). De onwenselijkheid daarvan geeft aanleiding om de strafbaarstelling opnieuw te overdenken. Voor de strafwetgever is er werk aan de winkel. Show less
A widespread debate in the Netherlands in the nineteenth century was that on the new Protestant theology which arose around 1840, called 'modern', 'modernist' or 'liberal'. In this discussion... Show moreA widespread debate in the Netherlands in the nineteenth century was that on the new Protestant theology which arose around 1840, called 'modern', 'modernist' or 'liberal'. In this discussion, involving many different parties, brochures (pamphlets) formed an important polemic tool.The focus in the dissertation is on two of those parties: the modern Protestants and the Roman Catholics, and on the external aspects of the discussions between them. What images did modern Protestants have of the Roman Catholics? And vice versa? What specific arguments were used? Can qualitative brochure research throw new light on traditional assumptions? These questions are investigated on the basis of a selection of some 540 contemporary titles from the brochure collection of the Leiden University Library that reflect this 'paper war'. This selection has the form of a reasoned catalogue, the Leidse Lijst, available online as part of the dissertation but also as a separate booklet.The main conclusion is that the brochures can be held largely responsible for the rapid spread of Protestant modernism between 1840 and 1870. Show less
In dit onderzoek staat de vraag centraal wat het beginsel inhoudt, dat niemand ten koste van een ander ongerechtvaardigd mag worden verrijkt en hoe dit beginsel tot uitdrukking komt in het systeem... Show moreIn dit onderzoek staat de vraag centraal wat het beginsel inhoudt, dat niemand ten koste van een ander ongerechtvaardigd mag worden verrijkt en hoe dit beginsel tot uitdrukking komt in het systeem van het vermogensrecht. Betoogd wordt dat het verrijkingsbeginsel in verschillende vermogensrechtelijke regels tot zijn recht komt en dat de algemene verrijkingsactie vooral een aanvullende functie heeft om onvoorziene verrijkingsgevallen tot een oplossing te brengen. Een belangrijk deel van het onderzoek draait om de vraag wat de aanvullende functie met zich brengt voor de invulling van de toepassingsvereisten van de algemene verrijkingsactie. Een belangrijke bevinding is dat de figuur van de ongerechtvaardigde verrijking niet teveel a priori moet worden beknot. Zo wordt betoogd dat aansprakelijkheid op grond van ongerechtvaardigde verrijking onder omstandigheden een alternatief kan bieden als aansprakelijkheid op grond van overeenkomst of onrechtmatige daad niet haalbaar of twijfelachtig is. Show less
In the second half of the eighteenth century, the island of Walcheren was the center of the Dutch Transatlantic slave trade. This dissertation focuses on the impact of this trade on the local... Show moreIn the second half of the eighteenth century, the island of Walcheren was the center of the Dutch Transatlantic slave trade. This dissertation focuses on the impact of this trade on the local economy during the peak years of 1755 to 1780. It contains a discussion of the slave traders and their business practices and traces the commodity chains of various goods exported to West-Africa for the trade in enslaved Africans. It finds that the trade was strongly embedded in local economic structures. Many slave traders – both merchants and investors – were able to circumvent the limited profitability of the slave trade by combining related economic activities. About 5 to 6 percent of the economy of Middelburg was connected to the slave trade during the peak years, while the Flushing economy was even more geared towards this trade in human beings (about 25 percent of all local income connected to this trade). While the slave trade had a positive impact on many tradition industries on the island, most notably gunpowder production, it did not lead to industrial or financial innovations on Walcheren. Show less
In this dissertation I have used three Dutch literary works, Karakter by Borderwijk, De avonden by Reve and Hamlet versus Hamlet by Lanoye, to discuss the Hamlet constellation from a... Show moreIn this dissertation I have used three Dutch literary works, Karakter by Borderwijk, De avonden by Reve and Hamlet versus Hamlet by Lanoye, to discuss the Hamlet constellation from a psychoanalytical and a cultural analytical perspective – taking into account both a historical as well as conceptual approach – in order to show the waning belief in the father’s role, or more radically termed, to show a process of emancipation. In Freud’s vision and the Oedipus complex sits centre stage. In his early theory Lacan also uses an abstract Oedipal model in which the father’s role is dominant and where the access to the symbolic order is created by means of symbolic castration. The Hamlet constellation is a supplementary model next to the Oedipus complex which is necessary to interpret a subject position of the twentieth and twenty-first century. Using the Oedipus complex it was possible to read the neurotic construct of the patriarchal master discours, based on a meaning construct where the external ground of authority took an hierarchical position related to the subject. The horizontal authority is a conviction based on the Sinthomatic model of communal acceptance of a ground, the laws on which authority is founded. Show less
This work presents a political biography of nineteenth century lawyer and statesman Dirk Donker Curtius. Donker advocated freedom of religion, speech and press through lawsuits, brochures and... Show moreThis work presents a political biography of nineteenth century lawyer and statesman Dirk Donker Curtius. Donker advocated freedom of religion, speech and press through lawsuits, brochures and articles and found himself at the centre of power amidst the 1848 political and societal developments. This dissertation reveals that Donker had a larger role than assumed in the Dutch liberal discourse in development of the liberal movement prior to 1848 and practical implementation of reformist ideas thereafter. Specifically, this study of Donker’s career argues that through his skilful and pragmatic service as Minister of Justice in the first years after the creation of the 1848 liberal constitution, he played a pivotal role in its consolidation and perpetuation. Show less
De overheid mag kinderen onder voorwaarden van hun vrijheid beroven met als doel ze op te voeden en te beschermen. In de Nederlandse context wordt deze vorm van vrijheidsberoving ‘gesloten... Show moreDe overheid mag kinderen onder voorwaarden van hun vrijheid beroven met als doel ze op te voeden en te beschermen. In de Nederlandse context wordt deze vorm van vrijheidsberoving ‘gesloten jeugdhulp’ genoemd, geregeld in de Jeugdwet. Met dit onderzoek is beoogd om een kinder- en mensenrechtentoetsingskader op te stellen, waaraan de Nederlandse wet en de toepassing getoetst wordt. Tevens biedt het onderzoek inzicht in 200 jaar historie.Verder zijn 586 rechterlijke uitspraken over een periode van 10 jaar (2008-2017) geanalyseerd. Hieruit blijkt dat een plaatsing vaak gebaseerd is op het inzetten van acute hulp in een situatie waar in niets anders mogelijk lijkt te zijn. Doorgaans wordt daarbij onvoldoende gekeken naar het doel van deze plaatsing en de vrijheidsbeperkingen die dit met zich meebrengt.In dit onderzoek komen ten slotte 23 kinderen aan het woord die te maken kregen met een gesloten uithuisplaatsing. Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat de legitimiteit van het op grote schaal toepassen van deze maatregel onder druk staat, met name omdat het nogal eens ontbreekt aan passende zorg. Verschillende aanbevelingen worden gedaan om de legitimiteit te verbeteren, onder meer door middel van verdieping van het juridische toetsingskader, verkorting van de maximale duur van een plaatsing. Show less
In de Nederlandse financieringspraktijk is het gebruikelijk dat groepsmaatschappijen zich hoofdelijk aansprakelijk stellen voor het concernkrediet. Dit proefschrift gaat over het regresrecht... Show moreIn de Nederlandse financieringspraktijk is het gebruikelijk dat groepsmaatschappijen zich hoofdelijk aansprakelijk stellen voor het concernkrediet. Dit proefschrift gaat over het regresrecht dat voortvloeit uit deze hoofdelijke aansprakelijkheid. In het proefschrift worden twee thema’s centraal gesteld: (I) de draagplichtproblematiek en (II) de onzekerheid over de beoogde effectiviteit van regresrecht-beïnvloedende bepalingen. Van beide thema’s wordt het debat ter zake geduid. Ook worden er aanbevelingen gedaan om de betreffende problematiek te mitigeren. Dit geldt in het bijzonder voor de draagplichtproblematiek. In het onderzoek wordt een alternatieve methode geopperd voor het vaststellen van de interne draagplicht. Een belangrijk uitgangspunt van deze methode is: ‘Wie bepaalt, betaalt’. Verder wordt in het onderzoek uiteengezet waarom regresproblematiek geen rol van betekenis speelt in de naburige rechtsorden (Duitsland en België). Hiermee samenhangend wordt eveneens verklaard waarom regresproblematiek juist wel voorkomt in Nederland. Show less
If doctors suspect that their child patient is being abused, are they obliged to observe their duty of medical confidentiality or not? Recently, several legislative and administrative choices... Show moreIf doctors suspect that their child patient is being abused, are they obliged to observe their duty of medical confidentiality or not? Recently, several legislative and administrative choices have been made to combat child abuse. These focus on revealing confidential information despite the obligation to respect medical confidentiality. The paradigm seems to have shifted from remaining silent-unless to speaking-unless. This shift calls for a study on how the legislative and administrative choices for revealing information can be framed in the light of the existing and well-accepted exceptions to medical confidentiality, which depart from the principle that the doctor is silent-unless. This thesis offers an analysis of the most important norms for medical confidentiality and for its breach by doctors and their implications in the context of child abuse. Moreover, it provides an understanding of the role and added value of the duty of care in this respect. It changes the dogmatic view on the concept of medical confidentiality in case of child abuse. Show less
In current Dutch law, a concurrence of actions is possible between the rei vindicatio and the action to recover an undue payment (‘vordering uit onverschuldigde betaling’). From a historical point... Show moreIn current Dutch law, a concurrence of actions is possible between the rei vindicatio and the action to recover an undue payment (‘vordering uit onverschuldigde betaling’). From a historical point of view, though, this concurrence is remarkable. In Roman law, the rei vindicatio and the condictio—the historical precursor of the modern actio to recover an undue payment—were opposites: whereas the rei vindicatio was based on the plaintiff’s ownership of an object, the condictio was based on the defendant’s obligation to transfer ownership to the plaintiff. Consequently, concurrence of these actions was, barring a few—but noteworthy—exceptions, impossible. This book explores the development of the condictio in relation to the rei vindicatio. As part of this development, the requirement that transfer of ownership is only possible when a valid title (iusta causa) is present—and the question what actually constitutes a iusta causa—plays an important role. Consecutively, attention is given to Roman law, the ius commune, and the enactment of the modern codifications in Germany, Switzerland, France, and the Netherlands. (Contains a summary in German; Mit einer Zusammenfassung auf Deutsch.) Show less
This study is dedicated to the Belgian constitutional organization regarding the question of the separation of church and state. The principle of separation, also known as secularism, is one... Show moreThis study is dedicated to the Belgian constitutional organization regarding the question of the separation of church and state. The principle of separation, also known as secularism, is one that was predominantly developed in France, but has also had an influence on other countries in Europe (and outside of Europe, in the United States of America). Secularism is on the one hand seen as a leading idea of modern state theory, on the other hand it is also open to a great deal of criticism. Proponents aim to further shape this aspiration in the domain of education, and in the organization of state institutions, others seek to moderate the principle, or even curtail it. Belgium itself has always given a wide berth to radical secularism, and this owing to the system of the officially recognized religions that relied on state support.The key question behind this study is how these developments should be appreciated. What was the actual intention of the framers of the constitution? How did it all come to be? Is this system still something to be maintained, or do the drawbacks outweigh the benefits in modern times? Should secularism be bolstered or weakened? What are the challenges? Unlike a political and philosophical discourse that normatively defends secularism against competing models, this study chiefly aims to help, through historical exploration, recall the reasons for the development of Belgian constitutional philosophical thinking. The author feels that this historic quest, this history of ideas, is essential in tracking down the factors at play, to capture the impact thereof on the definitive form of the Belgian Constitution, and to assess the strength and sustainability of the commitments made. This exploration is also a prerequisite for suggesting possible alternatives. The conclusion of this study will be dedicated to these alternatives, whereby the author makes the case for finding such an alternative in the guise of an assertive secularism. Show less
One of the tasks of the Royal Netherlands Navy in Tydeman's lifetime was the hydrographic survey of the seas at home and in the colonial waters. The hydrographic expertise of naval officers could... Show moreOne of the tasks of the Royal Netherlands Navy in Tydeman's lifetime was the hydrographic survey of the seas at home and in the colonial waters. The hydrographic expertise of naval officers could also be applied to other endeavours like scientific expeditions.In the second half of the nineteenth century private scientific societies took the initiative to engage in maritime research. Contact between scientists and the Navy resulted in naval assintance in scientific research. The Navy took part in polar expeditions and in scientific explorations in the tropics. As a junior officer Gustaaf Tydeman was involved in hydrographic surveij in the East Indies and in Dutch coastal waters. Tydeman was commanding officer of H. Neth. MS Siboga during the oceanographic expedition in the East Indian Archipelago in 1899-1900. He continued his years in the Navy as commanding officer of the Royal Naval College, of large ships and of a squadron of ships in teh East Indies. He was promoted to flagofficer in his command of the Naval establishment in Amsterdam. His achievements as hydrographer and commanding officer of a ship on a scientific expedition and author of several publications made his naval career exceptional. Show less
