The findings in this thesis improve the understanding of 1) the relationship between exposure characteristics and toxicity of ENPs, 2) the joint toxic action of ENP mixtures and the comparison to... Show moreThe findings in this thesis improve the understanding of 1) the relationship between exposure characteristics and toxicity of ENPs, 2) the joint toxic action of ENP mixtures and the comparison to metal salt mixtures, 3) how NOM affects the individual and joint toxicity of ENPs, 4) the extent of trophic transfer of ENPs along aquatic food chains, 5) the influence factors on trophic transfer, and 6) bioaccumulation, distribution and toxic effect on predators. This knowledge would provide a basis for data on individual and joint toxicity, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of ENPs for more realistic environmental risk assessment. Show less
This research investigates the application of competition law to abuse of dominant position in the software industry. The software industry is known as an innovation-driven market. It differs... Show moreThis research investigates the application of competition law to abuse of dominant position in the software industry. The software industry is known as an innovation-driven market. It differs substantially from traditional industries, which feature competition using low-priced products. Established competition law was formed in markets which featured price competition; applying it to an industry in which market players compete with innovative products challenges competition law enforcement. This research shows that when applying competition law to the software industry, although some traditional rules and criteria still apply, many are adjusted due to the different industrial characteristics. It shows that despite being widely applied, competition law assessment criteria and analysis approaches are subject to controversy. Show less
