This dissertation presents a description and analysis of the Mandarin particle yě ‘also’. It provides a comprehensive syntactic and semantic treatment of three different manifestations of yě,... Show moreThis dissertation presents a description and analysis of the Mandarin particle yě ‘also’. It provides a comprehensive syntactic and semantic treatment of three different manifestations of yě, namely, Additive yě, which is similar to English also, Parametric/Scalar yě, which we find in ‘no matter’ and even/even if contexts, and, finally, Modal yě, basically a concessivity marker. Additive, Parametric/Scalar and Modal yě are different in interpretation and require different licensing conditions. Additive yě can only be licensed if an antecedent can be retrieved from the context: the antecedent must be explicitly asserted or otherwise present in the active context and it must have the same argumentative orientation as the host sentence. Parametric/scalar yě can only be licensed if scalarity is marked in the sentence. Finally, as a concessivity marker, Modal yě presupposes the existence of a concessive proposition as an alternative. Pragmatically, the use of Modal yě results in a polite, indirect, tactful or less absolute reading of the host sentence. The syntactic properties of the different manifestations of yě are explored vis à vis Butler's modal hierarchy and Cinque’s adverb hierarchy. We conclude that there are two positions of yě in the syntactic structure, one in CP and the other in IP. Show less
With the rapid development of electronic commerce, logistics management has become more and more important in the procedure of supply chain management. The goal of logistics management is to... Show moreWith the rapid development of electronic commerce, logistics management has become more and more important in the procedure of supply chain management. The goal of logistics management is to satisfy the demands of customers while minimizing the use of resources of the whole process in logistics management from the point of origin to the point of consumption. The logistics management technology has been widely used in the field of engineering and contributes to reducing the total logistics cost. In this thesis, we focus on algorithms based on nature-inspired paradigms to solve dynamic logistics management problems. Results show that the proposed multiple ant system algorithm and the multi-objective cooperative particle swarm algorithm are able to produce good solutions for the vehicle routing problems and inventory routing problems not only in theory but also in practice. Show less
