The mycorrhizal symbiosis is among the most widespread species interactions on Earth. This thesis focuses on orchid mycorrhiza, a unique mycorrhizal type that has caught scientists’ attention for... Show moreThe mycorrhizal symbiosis is among the most widespread species interactions on Earth. This thesis focuses on orchid mycorrhiza, a unique mycorrhizal type that has caught scientists’ attention for centuries. By merging the concepts and approaches of molecular phylogenetics, microbial community ecology, and plant ecophysiology, this thesis provides an overview of the evolution and ecology of orchid mycorrhizal interactions from both the fungal and plant perspective, and from the global to the local scale. In this thesis, the variation in fungal associations in space and in time is a central topic, which was inferred by analyses on phylogenetic signals and variation in fungal community structure and also captured by empirical experiments using metabarcoding approaches and quantitative ddPCR. Based on the insights gained in this thesis and that of previous studies, this thesis proposes several directions for future studies to deepen our understanding of the evolution, ecophysiology, and molecular biology of mycorrhizal symbiosis, and thus to benefit orchid conservation and ecosystem restoration. Show less
Glycosylation is a widely occurring and complex modification found on lipids and proteins and is involved in the recognition, signaling and interaction events within the cell and between cells.... Show moreGlycosylation is a widely occurring and complex modification found on lipids and proteins and is involved in the recognition, signaling and interaction events within the cell and between cells. These events based on glycan structures result in adhesion, cell-matrix interaction and immune recognition. Alterations in the glycomic profile are considered a hallmark of various diseases, including cancer where it contributes to the development and progression of cancer, affecting cell-cell communication, cell-matrix interactions, tumor angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. These functions are governed by different glycans and their terminal structures. In order to further explore these structures with regard to their potential as biomarkers and specific targets for diagnostic applications and therapeutical strategies for various diseases, in-depth glycomic analysis is needed. It is further noted that aberrant glycosylation not only results from the altered expression of glycosyltransferases (GTs) but also from the changed activity of GTs and glycosidases as well as the availability and abundance of sugar nucleotide donors. The aim of the research described in this thesis was to explore the glycomic signatures of colorectal cancer (CRC) in cell lines and tissues as well as of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. Show less
