Major histocompatibility class II molecules (MHC class II) are one of the key regulators of adaptive immunity because of their specific expression by professional antigen presenting cells (APC).... Show moreMajor histocompatibility class II molecules (MHC class II) are one of the key regulators of adaptive immunity because of their specific expression by professional antigen presenting cells (APC). They present peptides derived from endocytosed material to T helper lymphocytes. Consequently, MHC class II is fundamental in orchestrating both cellular and humoral immune responses. A genetic association of certain MHC class II alleles with autoimmunity has long been established. The molecular mechanisms underlying this association are only poorly understood. An in depth understanding of the antigen presentation pathway by MHC class II is essential for the improvement of current therapies. In this thesis, the tools to arrive at a systems understanding of MHC class II antigen presentation are discussed. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a genome-wide screen? And how can a multi-dimensional, data-integrating approach increase the understanding of the systems biology of MHC class II? Show less
In Chinese history, few personalities compare to the Chan eccentrics. These legendary, exceptional monks, including the friends Hanshan and Shide, their teacher Fenggan, and Budai, supposedly... Show moreIn Chinese history, few personalities compare to the Chan eccentrics. These legendary, exceptional monks, including the friends Hanshan and Shide, their teacher Fenggan, and Budai, supposedly dwelled in the mountains and cities of southeast China between the seventh and tenth centuries. Dressed in rags, the monks spoke and acted in extraordinary ways. The eccentrics represented qualities that were valued by various social and religious groups, most prominently the Chan (also known as Zen, after its Japanese translation) establishment. In the Song and Yuan dynasties (960-1368), the monks appear throughout Chan texts, and they become a popular and recurring theme in art. This study investigates the theme of the Chan eccentrics in the art and culture of the Song and the Yuan. It focuses on the role of the eccentrics and their visual representations for Chan Buddhism, while also paying attention to the interpretation of this theme in other traditions, and in forms of art that are not generally associated with Chan. The study shows how the translation of this theme in texts and art questions long-held notions in the fields of Chinese Studies, Art History and Chan Studies, including definitions of “religious tradition”, “portraiture” and “Chan art”. Show less
