In de loop van de eerste vier decennia van de twintigste eeuw dringt de poëzie vanaf 1880 door in bloemlezingen voor de hoogste klassen van gymnasium en h.b.s. In deze studie worden de overwegingen... Show moreIn de loop van de eerste vier decennia van de twintigste eeuw dringt de poëzie vanaf 1880 door in bloemlezingen voor de hoogste klassen van gymnasium en h.b.s. In deze studie worden de overwegingen om poëzie te bloemlezen en de keuzes die daaruit voortkomen van een vijftal bloemlezers (allen leraren) beschreven. Elk van hen propageert een methodiek om poëzie in de literatuurles te verwerken, van een open, globale kennismaking tot een intensieve analyse van een gedicht. Soms wordt een gedicht van een context voorzien maar doorgaans wordt een gedicht als zelfstandige tekst aangeboden. Naast deze bloemlezers brengt voordrachtskunstenaar Paul Huf ter ondersteuning van het onderwijs op een veertiental grammofoonplaten zijn gesproken bloemlezing. Zijn voordracht kan als voorbeeld dienen. Verder inventariseert deze studie de inhoud van 85 schoolbloemlezingen uit de periode 1898–1941 met in totaal 6758 gedichten van 254 dichters. Uit deze inventarisatie blijkt naast de voorkeur voor dichters uit de eerste jaren vanaf 1880 de vrij snelle popularisatie van anderen in de loop van de jaren 1920, 1930. Bloemlezers volgen op literair-historische gronden keuzes van voorgangers, daarnaast tonen zij een brede persoonlijke keuze. Schoolbloemlezingen representeren de voortgang van de contemporaine poëzieproductie en representeren het belang dat docenten voor de literatuurles hechten aan poëzie. Show less
The Bibliotheca Enchusana or Librije of Enkhuizen is one of the oldest libraries that are still preserved in situ in the Netherlands and can rightfully be called a unique book historical monument.... Show moreThe Bibliotheca Enchusana or Librije of Enkhuizen is one of the oldest libraries that are still preserved in situ in the Netherlands and can rightfully be called a unique book historical monument. In this dissertation the history of the Librije is reconstructed through a new scholarly catalogue, which is based on a hands-on examination of all the books from the library’s holdings. The catalogue contains extensive bibliographical descriptions as well as information about the physical evidence of every book’s unique history, such as inscriptions of former owners, binding details, and manuscript annotations. Together with information from archival documents, the new catalogue helps to better understand the holdings of the Librije, their origin and history, as well as the use and function of the library since its foundation. Subsequently, this dissertation explores how the specific character of Enkhuizen influenced the Librije and how the role of the library changed throughout history. Show less
What does this dissertation on De Haan and language contribute to the ongoing research on De Haan? As I explain in the introduction, this dissertation does not discuss in detail the person and life... Show moreWhat does this dissertation on De Haan and language contribute to the ongoing research on De Haan? As I explain in the introduction, this dissertation does not discuss in detail the person and life of Jacob Israël de Haan himself. The focus has been on the conceptualisation of language and De Haan’s use of language. By making this choice, I do not reduce De Haan to his decadent period, which is often the case, but rather consider his work from the meta-level of language. This dissertation not only shows how De Haan views the phenomenon of language and its use, but also what he is capable of with language, in which way he uses language as a flexible instrument, which language approaches he uses in the process, which language attitudes he can adopt and to what end. Show less
This thesis researches the profession of the upholsterer – or ‘kamerbehanger’ in Dutch – and the role they played in the creation of interiors in the Dutch Republic, in the long eighteenth century ... Show moreThis thesis researches the profession of the upholsterer – or ‘kamerbehanger’ in Dutch – and the role they played in the creation of interiors in the Dutch Republic, in the long eighteenth century (1680-1810). Its research centers on the cities of Amsterdam, The Hague and Haarlem. A total of 234 shops or individual upholsterers working there in this period were found. Hopefully, the index of their names included in this thesis will advance future research. The first chapter describes the way the profession developed, as well as how upholsterers learned the trade, worked, kept their shops and advertised. In the following four chapters, the relation between upholsterer and client is explored in-depth through case studies from the period 1680-1810.Upholsterers provided bed and wall hangings, curtains of all sorts, upholstered furniture and other textile wares. They were a relatively small but diverse group working in the luxury industries, with about 10 shops at any one time in Amsterdam and in The Hague, and about 1-5 shops in Haarlem. Some upholsterers did not have a shop but worked their trade from a single room, or worked for others. Most kept a small shop. For some, this was indeed the best profession (‘le meilleur métier’). Upholsterers such as a Pierre Courtonne or Johannes Deel, working for the Stadholders and the elite of their day, were able to amass fortunes of 20,000-50,000 guilders and played a role in designing interiors. Succes was dependent on factors such as seed money, an up-to-date knowledge of current fashions, and maintaining good relations with clients. Most shops went from father to son, and most of the upholsterers working in the Republic were locals. Only a small percentage were foreign-born, and even though France exercised a large influence on the luxury market in the eighteenth century, this is not reflected in the number of French upholsterers settling in the Republic. Only at the end of the century can an increase in their number be seen, and a handful of ‘French upholsterers’ settle in Holland. They seem to have had an advantage over their Dutch colleagues in that they were able to purchase the latest French wares directly through their connections.Regarding the relationship with their clients, it has been found that most upholsterers played the role of advisor and facilitator, when helping their clients buy a new interior or furniture. All-in-all, the case studies show how upholsterers would balance their client’s quest for the newest and most fashionable furniture and interiors with their budget and the available goods. Show less
Het begrip burgerschap speelt al eeuwenlang een sleutelrol in de (veranderlijke) relatie tussen burger en de staat en tussen burgers onderling. Verbondenheid komt tot stand in alledaagse culturele... Show moreHet begrip burgerschap speelt al eeuwenlang een sleutelrol in de (veranderlijke) relatie tussen burger en de staat en tussen burgers onderling. Verbondenheid komt tot stand in alledaagse culturele praktijken en gesprekken. In dit onderzoek wordt cultureel burgerschap benaderd vanuit het perspectief van de mensen zelf en niet vanuit instituties. Het onderzoek richt zich op de alledaagse culturele burgerschapsvorming met ondersteuning van Cultureel Ondernemende Professionals. Daarin worden de beroepscompetenties van deze professionals in kaart gebracht op basis van drie casestudies. Het publiek van deze casestudies bestaat uit drie generaties Nederlanders met een Turkse of Marokkaanse achtergrond waarbij binnen de publieksgroep van de derde generatie een nieuwe stedelijke elite aan het ontstaan is met een pluriforme culturele habitus. Show less
As a curator, in museum Beelden aan Zee, I exhibited the Gorille enlevant une Femme, by Emmanuel Fremiet dated 1887, in an exhibition of French and Belgian animal sculptors in 2011. The... Show moreAs a curator, in museum Beelden aan Zee, I exhibited the Gorille enlevant une Femme, by Emmanuel Fremiet dated 1887, in an exhibition of French and Belgian animal sculptors in 2011. The confrontation with, and my great surprise about this sculpture (a gorilla abducting a woman) led to this research. Just imagine: you walk into a living room in an appartment on the Boulevard des Capucines in Paris around 1890, and on a side table, one discovers a bronze sculpture: a gorilla abducting a woman. Such a sculpture does not suit our sense of taste. I suspected that this sculpture would represent more than just 'a curious piece of kitsch'. The resulting research in my dissertation led to many things: it turned out that the artist was world-famous in his time, it turned out that the gorilla had only been discovered in 1847, and it turned out that a few more gorilla sculptures had been made by Fremiet, the first as early as 1859. Furthermore, I discuss the entrance of the gorilla into zoology, the theme of the abduction of women in art and the use of the image for nationalistic and anti-Semitic purposes. The relevance of this research lies in the use of all kinds of other disciplines, which results in a new art-historical image of nineteenth century art and sculpture. The study also addresses nineteenth century issues: colonialism, the poor position of women, antisemitism, nationalism and our relationship to the animal kingdom are related to technical and iconographical interpretations of the Fremiet gorillas. Show less
Roger Martin du Gard (1881-1958) (Nobel Prize for Literature in 1937 for the novel cycle Les Thibault in 8 parts, included in the Pléiade edition, Oeuvres complètes, 1955) put, between 1941 and... Show moreRoger Martin du Gard (1881-1958) (Nobel Prize for Literature in 1937 for the novel cycle Les Thibault in 8 parts, included in the Pléiade edition, Oeuvres complètes, 1955) put, between 1941 and 1955, the novel Le Lieutenant-Colonel de Maumort (or: Maumort) on paper, his latest work, which remaines unfunished. It was released posthumously in 1983.The thesis covers in seven chapters a number of aspects of Maumort. In Section I the septuagenarian Bertrand de Maumort looks back on his life (the story is in the first person). His childhood spent in a castle in Normandy (Le Saillant) and his studies in Paris, were given the most space. Instead of ‘Mémoires’, the basic form of Maumort could also have been that of letters (Section II). Maumort corresponds with his friend, the doctor Gévresin (by whom he was given shelter for a large part of the war) about everything he experiences after his return to Le Saillant. There are now (only) nine letters (december 1944-January 1945). After that, the correspondence stops. In the Boîte Noire (Black Box)(Section III), about 40 files appear (= folders in which Martin du Gard stored thoughts on specific subjects that he had written); some of them mention Les Thibault, especially regarding the character Antoine Thibault. Show less
**English Translation of this thesis can be found at : https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3245181 **Deze dissertatie gaat over hoe schrijvers en beeldende kunstenaars uit Equatoriaal Guinea door middel... Show more**English Translation of this thesis can be found at : https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3245181 **Deze dissertatie gaat over hoe schrijvers en beeldende kunstenaars uit Equatoriaal Guinea door middel van hun werk aandacht vragen voor de huidige (politieke) situatie in hun land; een voormalige kolonie van Spanje die in 1968 onafhankelijk werd met tot op heden een dictatoriaal regime. Onderzocht is, vanuit een politiek-filosofisch kader (Jacques Rancière en Alain Badiou) en door middel van een narratieve en visuele analyse, waar zich in de werken van de uit het land afkomstige schrijvers Donato Ndongo Bydiogo, Juan Tomás Ávila Laurel en María Nsue Angüe, en de beeldende kunstenaar Ramón Esono Ebalé, breukvlakken en leegten bevinden. Mijn onderzoek toont aan dat het bijzondere en de kracht van hun werken niet zozeer gelegen is in de hierin naar voren komende historische aspecten of bepaalde binaire tegenstellingen (zoals veel onderzoekers tot nu toe veronderstelden), maar juist in het poëtische van wat de in de werken gevonden breukvlakken en leegten blootleggen en openen. Dat maakt dat met deze werken een procedure in gang wordt gezet die de gesloten waarheid van het huidige dictatoriale regime overstijgt, waarmee die dictatuur als het ware wordt opengebroken en geleegd. Show less
The dissertation examines the life and work of G.B. and A. Salm, father and son. Their body of work embraces a wide diversity of architectural styles. Although they occupied a central position... Show moreThe dissertation examines the life and work of G.B. and A. Salm, father and son. Their body of work embraces a wide diversity of architectural styles. Although they occupied a central position within the principal architecture associations at the time they do not seem to have taken a clear position in the polemics on style and material use that architects of the time were engaging in. Their buildings are at first sight difficult to place within the architectural history of the nineteenth century, as a result of which they are all too readily classed among the ‘eclectics’, the group of architects who presented a mixture of styles as a contemporary alternative to the perceived ‘impasse’ in architecture. The question that this dissertation addresses is whether this label is correct. Very little is known about the ideas that form the basis of the designs of this father and son. A further study and analysis of their ideas and their body of architectural work has therefore been carried out to determine the true place of both G.B. and A. Salm in the architecture of the nineteenth century. This study includes a review of the networks and clientele of both father and son. Show less
The German journalist, writer and politician Bodo Uhse (1904 – 1963) would have completely disappeared in the mist of history, had not his one decision - to leave Hitlers NSDAP and to join the KPD... Show moreThe German journalist, writer and politician Bodo Uhse (1904 – 1963) would have completely disappeared in the mist of history, had not his one decision - to leave Hitlers NSDAP and to join the KPD in 1931 – saved him from oblivion. His determined and apparently spectacular step, did provide him, from the very moment he returned to East Germany in 1948, with a prosperous career and a reputation of being one of the more heroic antifascists in the country. This study – formally a biography - describes the development of Uhses political stance, from about 1921 till the moment he left the NSDAP and became a member of the KPD, and tries to shed a fresh light on why he made his move in the first place, why the despised communist party suddenly ended up as a welcome home for his political ideas. A clarification of the “Konservative Revolution”, a generic term for a number of right wing groups propagating similar ideas on how German society should be changed, and an analysis of the change of direction set in by the KPD in 1930, by issuing a manifesto, introducing a national and social agenda into her program helps us to understand Uhses ‘switch’, and, similarly, putting it in perspective. Show less
This study focuses on the decorative oeuvre of Willem Adrianus Fabri (1853-1925). As one of the few decorative painters from the era 1870-1925, quite a bit of his work has been preserved in situ.... Show moreThis study focuses on the decorative oeuvre of Willem Adrianus Fabri (1853-1925). As one of the few decorative painters from the era 1870-1925, quite a bit of his work has been preserved in situ. Characteristic for his decorative paintings is the great variety of activities in terms of interior types. In his almost fifty-year career Fabri has decorated houses, theaters, churches, government buildings, palaces and passenger ships. From around 1877 Fabri worked for the Rotterdam furniture company C.H. Eckhart. This company belonged to the large furniture factories in the Netherlands. Around 1893 Fabri started his own painting studio. Fabri's oeuvre is pre-eminently representative of the profession of decorative painter in the period described. This area of the applied arts in the Netherlands has been neglected so far. Beside the decoration works of Willem Fabri this study examines his network, sources of inspiration, clients and competitors. Show less
*** 'Catalogus van het oosterse legaat van Josephus Justus Scaliger 1609', K. van Ommen and F.A. de Wolff, can be found at : http://hdl.handle.net/1887/123271 ***In 1593 the eminent scholar... Show more*** 'Catalogus van het oosterse legaat van Josephus Justus Scaliger 1609', K. van Ommen and F.A. de Wolff, can be found at : http://hdl.handle.net/1887/123271 ***In 1593 the eminent scholar Josephus Justus Scaliger (1540-1609) arrived in Leiden to accept the position as honorary professor in Latin language, antiquities and history. Scaliger had taken a part of his library, including many Oriental books and manuscripts, with him to Leiden. In 1609 Scaliger bequeathed by testament the part of his library to Leiden university that consisted of ‘[…] tous mes livres de langues estrangeres, Hebraics, Syriens, Arabics, Aethiopiens, lesquels livres sont contenus dans le Catalogue que i’ay adiousté a la copie latine de ce mien testament […]’. The governors of the university acknowledged the importance of this bequest, immediately recognized the potential of this collection of rare printed books and manuscripts and realized that this collection could make a substantial difference in acquiring a prominent position amongst the other European universities that were competing for scholarly supremacy during the seventeenth century. The governors stressed the importance of compiling a catalogue of the bequest, but subsequent catalogues from the period 1612-1674 all provide an incomplete overview of the bequest. In this thesis Scaligers bequest containing all his printed Oriental books is reconstructed and presented for the first time. Show less
The library which Leiden University bought in 1690 from the heirs of Isaac Vossius (1618-1689) had a reputation with his contemporaries to be the best and most complete private library of its time.... Show moreThe library which Leiden University bought in 1690 from the heirs of Isaac Vossius (1618-1689) had a reputation with his contemporaries to be the best and most complete private library of its time. This acquisition of more than 700 manuscripts and about 4,000 printed books doubled the Academy’s collections at one stroke and made an architectural extension for the library necessary. The private collector Isaac Vossius had more means and resources at his disposal to keep up with the scientific developments of his time than the librarian of the institutional library of the university. Books by Galilei, Descartes and Newton became available in the Leiden University Library for the first time in 1690. Reconstructing the medical, philosophical and mathematical sections of Vossius’s library provides insight in the sources he may have used for his own scholarly production, which he wrote during the second half of his life. A careful analysis of the printed books reveals many provenances of contemporary scholars and earlier bookcollectors. It shows to what extent Isaac Vossius stood on the shoulders of men like Joseph Scaliger, Hugo Grotius, his own father Gerardus Johannes Vossius and many others of which he owned books and manuscripts. Show less
De mailboten die in de periode 1850-1940 tussen Nederland en Nederlands-Indië voeren, vormden een microkolonie: een gecomprimeerde versie van de koloniale samenleving. Tijdens de zeereis zaten... Show moreDe mailboten die in de periode 1850-1940 tussen Nederland en Nederlands-Indië voeren, vormden een microkolonie: een gecomprimeerde versie van de koloniale samenleving. Tijdens de zeereis zaten witte nieuwkomers, ervaren reizigers en het inheemse (scheeps)personeel gedurende meerdere weken onder wisselende weersomstandigheden op een beperkte oppervlakte met elkaar opgescheept. Geen wonder dat er veel romans en korte verhalen zijn geschreven over het leven aan boord, verhalen vol extreme emoties, harde botsingen en bijzondere lotsverbindingen. Aan de hand van een analyse van 43 reisverhalen laat Coen van ’t Veer zien hoe in de contact zone van het schip de koloniale identiteit wordt gerepresenteerd en geconstrueerd.De idealen die hierbij een rol spelen, bewegen mee op de golven van het koloniale politieke getij. Op subtielewijze laten deze koloniale mechanismen nog steeds hun sporen na in onze postkoloniale samenleving. Show less
Around 1600 a number of Dutch cities became large enough to make specialization economically viable and guilds devoted exclusively to the production of painted furniture were founded in the largest... Show moreAround 1600 a number of Dutch cities became large enough to make specialization economically viable and guilds devoted exclusively to the production of painted furniture were founded in the largest cities, Amsterdam first of all. In these guilds, the craftsmen were called witwerkers, referring to their use of softwood, also known as white wood at the time. From 1650 onwards witwerkers guilds were founded in an ever-growing number of cities, first in the Noord- and Zuid-Holland provinces, and finally, in the 18th century, throughout the whole western part of The Netherlands.Based on extensive archival research, including notary inventories and guild regulations and through a close analysis of hundreds of surviving pieces, Hans Piena has made a detailed study of the development of the production and use of painted softwood furniture in the Netherlands. The late 19th and early 20th century perception of painted furniture as having ancient folk origins is shown to be a myth, and numerous fakes are identified and the time and place of their production made clear. Show less
External PhD candidate Annette Jenowein investigated how women have changed the meaning of gender by claiming their place in traditionally male-dominated domains. Her research focuses on the life... Show moreExternal PhD candidate Annette Jenowein investigated how women have changed the meaning of gender by claiming their place in traditionally male-dominated domains. Her research focuses on the life of Charlotte Jacobs: the first woman to establish herself as an independent pharmacist in the Dutch East Indies, a profession that was then regarded as a male profession. Since 1866, when girls were allowed to take the apprentice pharmacist's exam, a woman in the pharmacy was no longer a peculiarity. But when the first woman graduated as a pharmacist in 1881, (male) colleagues openly questioned whether a woman could also manage a busy pharmacy and establish business contacts just as well as a man could. Charlotte Jacobs, sister of Aletta Jacobs (1854-1929) - who was seven years younger and was a doctor and advocate for women's suffrage - managed to run her pharmacy in Batavia for nearly thirty years, all of which she managed exclusively with female assistants. Jenoweins research shows that the entry of women into male domains, such as science and higher professional work, has not only changed the meaning of gender, but has also radically changed the meaning of these institutions. After her death, Charlotte Jacobs earmarked a large part of her assets for a study fund for women and girls who wanted to study at a university but could not pay the costs themselves. This Charlotte Jacobs Study Fund still exists and flourishes and annually supports an average of thirty women and girls who want to study at a Dutch university. Show less
In this dissertation I have used three Dutch literary works, Karakter by Borderwijk, De avonden by Reve and Hamlet versus Hamlet by Lanoye, to discuss the Hamlet constellation from a... Show moreIn this dissertation I have used three Dutch literary works, Karakter by Borderwijk, De avonden by Reve and Hamlet versus Hamlet by Lanoye, to discuss the Hamlet constellation from a psychoanalytical and a cultural analytical perspective – taking into account both a historical as well as conceptual approach – in order to show the waning belief in the father’s role, or more radically termed, to show a process of emancipation. In Freud’s vision and the Oedipus complex sits centre stage. In his early theory Lacan also uses an abstract Oedipal model in which the father’s role is dominant and where the access to the symbolic order is created by means of symbolic castration. The Hamlet constellation is a supplementary model next to the Oedipus complex which is necessary to interpret a subject position of the twentieth and twenty-first century. Using the Oedipus complex it was possible to read the neurotic construct of the patriarchal master discours, based on a meaning construct where the external ground of authority took an hierarchical position related to the subject. The horizontal authority is a conviction based on the Sinthomatic model of communal acceptance of a ground, the laws on which authority is founded. Show less
From the 16th century onwards, scholars searching for a satisfying explanation for the origin of the horn of the land-unicorn (which supposedly provided protection and cure for almost all ailments)... Show moreFrom the 16th century onwards, scholars searching for a satisfying explanation for the origin of the horn of the land-unicorn (which supposedly provided protection and cure for almost all ailments) considered the sea-unicorn as the carrier of this coveted horn. Until the 18th century, it was widely assumed that the sea-unicorn (regarded as the marine equivalent of the land-unicorn) inhabited the waters of distant, unknown territories worldwide. The animal was described in bestiaries, in the discourses of natural historians, doctors and apothecaries, and in the reports of sailors. For different reasons, they all contributed, each in their own way, to the myth of the animal, either reinforcing or weakening it. In two different appearances - the equine sea-unicorn and the fish-like sea-unicorn - the animal even adorned nautical charts and was depicted in the visual arts.This study has provided the sea-unicorn with a unique, double identity and reveals that this animal played a much more significant role in the early modern period than solely to legitimatize the declining belief in the existence of the land-unicorn. Its history is exemplary for the development of natural history research into fauna in the early modern period (including existing animals, animals people believed existed, and imaginary animals). Show less
The dissertation, Grand Tour naar het Noorden, investigates the relations between Dutch and Nordic architecture during the period 1890-1965 from a comparative perspective. The starting point of the... Show moreThe dissertation, Grand Tour naar het Noorden, investigates the relations between Dutch and Nordic architecture during the period 1890-1965 from a comparative perspective. The starting point of the research is that in the reference books on Dutch architecture only limited attention is given to the relations with Scandinavia and Finland. The aim of the study is to draw conclusions about the importance of the reciprocal relations for the architectural history of the Netherlands and that of Scandinavia and Finland. In order to form a balanced opinion about these connections an investigation was also conducted into the relations between Nordic architecture and that of Great Britain and Germany. Show less
At the end of the eighteenth century the Enlightenment brought forth new ideas on colonial relations and colonial policies. How did these ideas manifest themselves in early nineteenth-century... Show moreAt the end of the eighteenth century the Enlightenment brought forth new ideas on colonial relations and colonial policies. How did these ideas manifest themselves in early nineteenth-century literary fiction?Vaders en dochters (Fathers and daughters) focusses on three narratives about dramatic events in Moluccan history: a narrative poem by Jan Fredrik Helmers (1812), a short story by Maurits Ver Huell (1837) and a historical novel by Willem Ritter (1844). In all three the main characters are a father and a daughter. These narratives are extensely researched and analyzed. By taking in account more recent historical and antropological findings, an attempt is made to trace the emergence, rise and downfall of Enlightenment idealism in nineteenth-century historical romance.The stories of Helmers, Ver Huell and Ritter inspired other nineteenth century narratives, both literary and historical. In time some parts were integrated into Bandanese and Ambonese local histories, while the female character of Ver Huells story nowadays is considered a national heroine of Indonesia. In conclusion a postcolonial novel by Y.B. Mangunwijaya, likewise about a father and daughter in the turmoil of Moluccan history, is discussed to highlight the merits and deficiencies of Dutch colonial fiction. Show less
