De overheid mag kinderen onder voorwaarden van hun vrijheid beroven met als doel ze op te voeden en te beschermen. In de Nederlandse context wordt deze vorm van vrijheidsberoving ‘gesloten... Show moreDe overheid mag kinderen onder voorwaarden van hun vrijheid beroven met als doel ze op te voeden en te beschermen. In de Nederlandse context wordt deze vorm van vrijheidsberoving ‘gesloten jeugdhulp’ genoemd, geregeld in de Jeugdwet. Met dit onderzoek is beoogd om een kinder- en mensenrechtentoetsingskader op te stellen, waaraan de Nederlandse wet en de toepassing getoetst wordt. Tevens biedt het onderzoek inzicht in 200 jaar historie.Verder zijn 586 rechterlijke uitspraken over een periode van 10 jaar (2008-2017) geanalyseerd. Hieruit blijkt dat een plaatsing vaak gebaseerd is op het inzetten van acute hulp in een situatie waar in niets anders mogelijk lijkt te zijn. Doorgaans wordt daarbij onvoldoende gekeken naar het doel van deze plaatsing en de vrijheidsbeperkingen die dit met zich meebrengt.In dit onderzoek komen ten slotte 23 kinderen aan het woord die te maken kregen met een gesloten uithuisplaatsing. Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat de legitimiteit van het op grote schaal toepassen van deze maatregel onder druk staat, met name omdat het nogal eens ontbreekt aan passende zorg. Verschillende aanbevelingen worden gedaan om de legitimiteit te verbeteren, onder meer door middel van verdieping van het juridische toetsingskader, verkorting van de maximale duur van een plaatsing. Show less
International Commercial Surrogacy (ICS) has emerged over the past decade as a modern method of family formation. ICS is unregulated internationally and domestic laws are struggling to keep pace... Show moreInternational Commercial Surrogacy (ICS) has emerged over the past decade as a modern method of family formation. ICS is unregulated internationally and domestic laws are struggling to keep pace with ICS. However, a child is at the centre of every ICS arrangement, and children conceived and born through ICS are at a heightened risk of their rights being infringed.Written over the course of time when ICS has rapidly developed, this book explores why and how the child's rights are at risk in ICS, and seeks to apply the standards and norms of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child to the ICS context. This book proposes approaches for balancing the competing rights and interests of the child and other parties in ICS. It presents a framework for protecting the rights of children born through ICS, illustrating that this is achievable in practice, in the absence of international consensus on ICS as a phenomenon.This book is relevant for child rights practitioners and academics, and useful for policy-makers, legislators and national and international decision-makers grappling with the children’s and human rights issues presented by this 21st century human rights challenge. Show less
Large numbers of children all over the world face significant health risks, such as infectious and chronic diseases, malnutrition, injuries and the consequences of natural disasters, protracted... Show moreLarge numbers of children all over the world face significant health risks, such as infectious and chronic diseases, malnutrition, injuries and the consequences of natural disasters, protracted armed conflicts and poverty. Every year, 4 million babies die within the first month of their life and almost 8 million children under the age of five die from preventable diseases such as malaria, pneumonia, measles and diarrhoea. These general statistics do not reveal the underlying inequalities in health between and within countries. One of the causes of the inequalities is that, in many countries, vulnerable groups of children have no or only limited access to health services. This research aims to identify the standards in international law for realizing the right to the highest attainable standard of health of the child. The central questions that are analysed: a. What priorities derive from the concept of the highest attainable standard of health of the child, its definition and the interpretation of the key constituent elements on the basis of international human rights law? b. How should this concept be implemented in the light of the international human rights standards? Show less
This research offers a comprehensive analysis of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and its core legal texts from a children’s rights perspective. It examines the ICC provisions and its case... Show moreThis research offers a comprehensive analysis of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and its core legal texts from a children’s rights perspective. It examines the ICC provisions and its case law, evaluating whether these meet international children’s rights standards, particularly as regards the protection of child victims and witnesses, their participation as victims in ICC proceedings and their role as beneficiaries in reparations. The manuscript proposes recommendations that could be adopted in order to guarantee children’s rights in ICC proceedings. The research is a useful tool for practitioners as well as for academics, both in the area of international criminal law as well as children’s rights. Show less
