In the second decade of the twentieth century, the Unionists aimed at establishing a national economy with an Ottoman Muslim elite of commercial and industrial entrepreneurs. One of the means to... Show moreIn the second decade of the twentieth century, the Unionists aimed at establishing a national economy with an Ottoman Muslim elite of commercial and industrial entrepreneurs. One of the means to stimulate the development of a national economy was the promotion of the consumption of national products. This article discusses how Ottoman Muslim women actively participated in the campaigns to promote the consumption of these goods by the public through not only the publication of articles in the (women’s) press, but also by establishing organizations to this aim. It also shows how, within the context of the development of a national economy, the meaning of “national” (milli) shifted over the years from “not coming from outside the Ottoman Empire” to “produced by Muslims.” It does so by focusing on one particular women’s organization: the Mamulat-ı Dahiliye İstihlakı Kadınlar Cemiyet-i Hayriyesi (Charitable Women’s Organization for the Consumption of Local Products). Show less
Chondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage tumors that are relatively resistant towards conventional therapeuticapproaches. Kinase inhibitors have been investigated and shown successful for several... Show moreChondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage tumors that are relatively resistant towards conventional therapeuticapproaches. Kinase inhibitors have been investigated and shown successful for several different cancer types. Inthis study we aimed at identifying kinase inhibitors that inhibit the survival of chondrosarcoma cells and therebyserve as new potential therapeutic strategies to treat chondrosarcoma patients.An siRNA screen targeting 779 different kinases was conducted in JJ012 chondrosarcoma cells in parallelwith a compound screen consisting of 273 kinase inhibitors in JJ012, SW1353 and CH2879 chondrosarcoma celllines. AURKA, CHK1 and PLK1 were identified as most promising targets and validated further in a morecomprehensive panel of chondrosarcoma cell lines. Dose response curves were performed using tyrosine kinaseinhibitors: MK-5108 (AURKA), LY2603618 (CHK1) and Volasertib (PLK1) using viability assays and cell cycleanalysis. Apoptosis was measured at 24 h after treatment using a caspase 3/7 assay. Finally, chondrosarcomapatient samples (N = =34) were used to examine the correlation between AURKA, CHK1 and PLK1 RNAexpression and documented patient survival.Dose dependent decreases in viability were observed in chondrosarcoma cell lines after treatment with MK-5108, LY2603618 and volasertib, with cell lines showing highest sensitivity to PLK1 inhibition. In additionincreased sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy was observed after CHK1 inhibition in a subset of the celllines. Interestingly, whereas AURKA and CHK1 were both expressed in chondrosarcoma patient samples, PLK1expression was found to be low compared to normal cartilage. Analysis of patient samples revealed that highCHK1 RNA expression correlated with a worse overall survival.AURKA, CHK1 and PLK1 are identified as important survival genes in chondrosarcoma cell lines. Althoughfurther research is needed to validate these findings, inhibiting CHK1 seems to be the most promising potentialtherapeutic target for patients with chondrosarcoma. Show less
Kissel, T.; Schie, K.A. van; Hafkenscheid, L.; Lundquist, A.; Kokkonen, H.; Wuhrer, M.; ... ; Rantapaa-Dahlqvist, S. 2019
Chinese export painting had a strong appeal to foreign powers active in China and neighbouring Asian countries in the late eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries. As a result, today, Chinese... Show moreChinese export painting had a strong appeal to foreign powers active in China and neighbouring Asian countries in the late eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries. As a result, today, Chinese export paintings can be found in eighteen public collections in the Netherlands. These collections have an historic, an artistic and a material value and are closely related tot the overseas historical China trade. These integrated economic relations produced, among other things, integrated art objects such as paintings, which, as a result of their representative and social functions, over time formed a special artistic phenomenon, an a shared cultural visual repertoire with its own (EurAsian) character.This article focuses on the social life of two cohdrent collections of reverse glass paintings from China in the collection of Museum Volkenkunde in Leiden.Having disentangled their provenance, Van der Poel draws some careful conclusions about the degree of importance and, consequently, the extent to which she notices any value accruement and value dwindle of these sets of artworks in their lenghty afterlife. It is clear that these commodified artworks with their cohesive values make this painting genre distinctive and a class in its own right. Show less
Regulating ecosystem services provided by urban forests are of great importance for the quality of life among city dwellers. To reach a maximum contribution to well-being in cities, the urban... Show moreRegulating ecosystem services provided by urban forests are of great importance for the quality of life among city dwellers. To reach a maximum contribution to well-being in cities, the urban regulating ecosystem services (URES) must match with the demands in terms of space and time. If we understand the matches or mismatches between the current urban dwellers' desired quality conditions (demand) and the supply of URES by urban forests (UF) in the cities, this will facilitate integrating the concepts of ecosystem services in urban planning and management, but such an assessment has suffered from major knowledge limitations. Since it is complex and problematic to identify the direct demands for URES and the spatiotemporal patterns therein, improving the demand indicators can help to determine the actual requirements. In this paper, a methodological approach based on indicators is presented and demonstrated for two important URES: air quality improvement and global climate change mitigation provided by urban trees and shrubs. Four air quality standards and greenhouse gas reduction targets were used and compared to supplies of the URES in Tabriz, Iran. Our results show that the mean contribution of the URES supply to air quality standards and greenhouse gas reduction targets is modest. Hence, in Tabriz, there is a strong mismatch between demand and supply. Mismatches at the city scale will have to be reduced by both a reduction in pollutant emissions and an increased provisioning of URES supply through urban greenery. The presented assessment approach and the results for Tabriz make it explicit how different the demands and supplies of the two studied URES are, and we expect similar mismatches in many other cities. Therefore, our approach, relatively simple but still realistic and easy-to-apply, can raise awareness about, and the utility of, the ecosystem services concepts for urban planning and policymaking. Show less
