In the second decade of the twentieth century, the Unionists aimed at establishing a national economy with an Ottoman Muslim elite of commercial and industrial entrepreneurs. One of the means to... Show moreIn the second decade of the twentieth century, the Unionists aimed at establishing a national economy with an Ottoman Muslim elite of commercial and industrial entrepreneurs. One of the means to stimulate the development of a national economy was the promotion of the consumption of national products. This article discusses how Ottoman Muslim women actively participated in the campaigns to promote the consumption of these goods by the public through not only the publication of articles in the (women’s) press, but also by establishing organizations to this aim. It also shows how, within the context of the development of a national economy, the meaning of “national” (milli) shifted over the years from “not coming from outside the Ottoman Empire” to “produced by Muslims.” It does so by focusing on one particular women’s organization: the Mamulat-ı Dahiliye İstihlakı Kadınlar Cemiyet-i Hayriyesi (Charitable Women’s Organization for the Consumption of Local Products). Show less
Chondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage tumors that are relatively resistant towards conventional therapeuticapproaches. Kinase inhibitors have been investigated and shown successful for several... Show moreChondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage tumors that are relatively resistant towards conventional therapeuticapproaches. Kinase inhibitors have been investigated and shown successful for several different cancer types. Inthis study we aimed at identifying kinase inhibitors that inhibit the survival of chondrosarcoma cells and therebyserve as new potential therapeutic strategies to treat chondrosarcoma patients.An siRNA screen targeting 779 different kinases was conducted in JJ012 chondrosarcoma cells in parallelwith a compound screen consisting of 273 kinase inhibitors in JJ012, SW1353 and CH2879 chondrosarcoma celllines. AURKA, CHK1 and PLK1 were identified as most promising targets and validated further in a morecomprehensive panel of chondrosarcoma cell lines. Dose response curves were performed using tyrosine kinaseinhibitors: MK-5108 (AURKA), LY2603618 (CHK1) and Volasertib (PLK1) using viability assays and cell cycleanalysis. Apoptosis was measured at 24 h after treatment using a caspase 3/7 assay. Finally, chondrosarcomapatient samples (N = =34) were used to examine the correlation between AURKA, CHK1 and PLK1 RNAexpression and documented patient survival.Dose dependent decreases in viability were observed in chondrosarcoma cell lines after treatment with MK-5108, LY2603618 and volasertib, with cell lines showing highest sensitivity to PLK1 inhibition. In additionincreased sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy was observed after CHK1 inhibition in a subset of the celllines. Interestingly, whereas AURKA and CHK1 were both expressed in chondrosarcoma patient samples, PLK1expression was found to be low compared to normal cartilage. Analysis of patient samples revealed that highCHK1 RNA expression correlated with a worse overall survival.AURKA, CHK1 and PLK1 are identified as important survival genes in chondrosarcoma cell lines. Althoughfurther research is needed to validate these findings, inhibiting CHK1 seems to be the most promising potentialtherapeutic target for patients with chondrosarcoma. Show less
Kissel, T.; Schie, K.A. van; Hafkenscheid, L.; Lundquist, A.; Kokkonen, H.; Wuhrer, M.; ... ; Rantapaa-Dahlqvist, S. 2019
This small article is about the interpretation of medieval figures shown throwing a huge boulder either as a token of defense, as a sport or as a biblical reference.
