يتعلق هذا المقال بالعدالة الانتقالية في ليبيا. وهو يُظهر أنه على الرغم من جدّة مفهومها هناك – وإن قصر البعض الجدّة على المصطلح- فإن البلاد قد شهدت زخمًا كبيرًا في سن تشريعات عدل-انتقالية، ولكن هذا... Show moreيتعلق هذا المقال بالعدالة الانتقالية في ليبيا. وهو يُظهر أنه على الرغم من جدّة مفهومها هناك – وإن قصر البعض الجدّة على المصطلح- فإن البلاد قد شهدت زخمًا كبيرًا في سن تشريعات عدل-انتقالية، ولكن هذا الزخم لم يقترن بزخم في التطبيق، بالإضافة إلى قصور شاب هذا التشريع، وربما كان هو سبب غياب الزخم عن التطبيق. وفي فترات لاحقة، لقيت العدالة الانتقالية، مفهومًا وتشريعًا، تشكيكًا في جدواها ومكنة تطبيقها، وظهرت دعوات لاستبعادها، كلًا أو جزءًا، دائمًا أو مؤقتًا؛ تحقيقًا للمصالحة الوطنية. وقد كان للسياق السياسي مذ 2011 أثر كبير في ظهور هذه الدعوات وتطورها، كما كان له أيضًا أثره فيما قُّدِمَ من استجابات. ويجادل المقال بأن علاقة العدالة الانتقالية بالمصالحة الوطنية ليست متنافية، أي أنه لا يلزم من الأخذ بإحداها نفي الأخرى، بل العكس؛ أي أنه يلزم لتحقيق مصالحة وطنية مستدامة الأخذ بالعدالة الانتقالية. ويجادل أيضًا بأنه، على الرغم من جسامة التحديات، ما زالت هناك فرص لتحقيق العدالة الانتقالية.English version: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3512148 Show less
Breeze, D.J.; Abudanah, F.; Driessen, M.; James, S.; Konrad, M.; Polak, M. 2022
Bioarchaeological perspectives of collapse scenarios have contributed to our understanding of the persistence and regeneration of communities after the fall of states and empires. We suggest that... Show moreBioarchaeological perspectives of collapse scenarios have contributed to our understanding of the persistence and regeneration of communities after the fall of states and empires. We suggest that the osteological examination of everyday lived experience can further elucidate local lifeways during these transitory periods. Focusing on ancient Nubia after the decline of the colonial Egyptian New Kingdom Empire, we examine musculoskeletal activity patterns (entheseal changes) and traumatic injury in remains uncovered at Tombos, a cemetery at the Third Cataract of the Nile. We find evidence that entheseal changes increased at Tombos from the New Kingdom Period to the postcolonial Third Intermediate/Napatan Periods; however, accidental trauma does not significantly increase between the two periods. With regard to the elevated entheseal changes, we suggest that Nubians may have been engaged in quarrying, agropastoralism, and construction efforts. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that this population was biologically resilient, which may have limited accidental/occupational traumatic injury. We view these changes to the Tombos quotidian experience from an agent-centered perspective; we posit that during the postcolonial period, Nubians revitalized their sociopolitical and economic systems through these everyday practices, which contributed to the independent and powerful Napatan state. Show less
Ibn Hazm, an Andalusian polygraph (XI century), is the author of an important critical history of religions and sects called al-Fasl. In the first chapter, the author draws a critical review of... Show moreIbn Hazm, an Andalusian polygraph (XI century), is the author of an important critical history of religions and sects called al-Fasl. In the first chapter, the author draws a critical review of modern research on this item. In the second chapter, he establishes a biography of Ibn Hazm studying the circumstances that influenced the author. In the third chapter he focuses on issues related to the history of the text of al-Fasl, its textual criticism, its internal structure and its sources. The pitiful state of the printed text clearly appears from the collation of the text of 19 printed editions with 15 manuscripts. These fifteen manuscripts form two groups. The manuscripts of the first group retain a first version of al-Fasl in which coexist two families. The manuscripts of the second group form a fully revised second version. Since this version of the book is the definitive state of the text, it is a priority to establish the text conveyed by these manuscripts. As an example of his method, the author provides a critical edition of the chapter of "the contradictions existing in the Pentateuch" according to its second, fully revised and final version. Show less
