In deze bijdrage gaan we geinspireerd door het werk van Janneke Plantenga aan de UU in op de gezamenlijke inspanningen van de Nederlandse rechtenfaculteiten om diversiteit en inclusiviteit te... Show moreIn deze bijdrage gaan we geinspireerd door het werk van Janneke Plantenga aan de UU in op de gezamenlijke inspanningen van de Nederlandse rechtenfaculteiten om diversiteit en inclusiviteit te bevorderen, mede in het kader van het Sectorplan Rechtsgeleerdheid. Show less
Deze uitspraak draait om een verzoek om informatie op grond van de Wet openbaarheid van bestuur (Wob). In het besluit wordt het verzoek gedeeltelijk toegewezen. De gevraagde documenten worden nog... Show moreDeze uitspraak draait om een verzoek om informatie op grond van de Wet openbaarheid van bestuur (Wob). In het besluit wordt het verzoek gedeeltelijk toegewezen. De gevraagde documenten worden nog niet verstrekt om een derdebelanghebbende in de gelegenheid te stellen om rechtsmiddelen aan te wenden tegen het besluit. De feitelijke informatieverstrekking volgt hierdoor veel later dan het besluit. De verzoeker dient pas na deze feitelijke verstrekking een bezwaarschrift in, omdat er volgens hem te veel informatie is zwartgelakt. Het bezwaar wordt niet-ontvankelijk verklaard. In deze annotatie wordt stilgestaan bij de effectiviteit van de rechtsbescherming tegen Wob-besluiten. Daarbij wordt opgemerkt dat de Wob inmiddels is vervangen door de Wet open overheid (Woo), maar dat de rechtsbescherming (op dit punt) ongewijzigd is gebleven. Show less
How do we make sure that all citizens in a city have access to enough green space? An increasing part of the world’s population lives in urban areas, where contact with nature is largely reduced to... Show moreHow do we make sure that all citizens in a city have access to enough green space? An increasing part of the world’s population lives in urban areas, where contact with nature is largely reduced to street trees and parks. As optional tree planting sites and financial resources are limited, determining the best planting site can be formulated as an optimization problem with constraints. Can we locate these sites based on the popularity of nearby venues? How can we ensure that we include groups of people who tend to spend time in tree deprived areas?Currently, tree location sites are chosen based on criteria from spatial-visual, physical and biological, and functional categories. As these criteria do not give any insights into which citizens are benefiting from the tree placement, we propose new data-driven tree planting policies that take socio-cultural aspects as represented by the citizens’ behavior into account. We combine a Location Based Social Network (LBSN) mobility data set with tree location data sets, both of New York City and Paris, as a case study. The effect of four different policies is evaluated on simulated movement data and assessed on the average, overall exposure to trees as well as on how much inequality in tree exposure is mitigated. Show less
The dissertation not only examines the elements of formalism and decisionism in Russian legal thinking, it also takes into account the impact of conservatism on the interplay between both elements.... Show moreThe dissertation not only examines the elements of formalism and decisionism in Russian legal thinking, it also takes into account the impact of conservatism on the interplay between both elements. This perspective – confirmed by a substantial analysis of Russian intellectual history and informed of the practice of application of Russian law – sheds important light on the conceptualization of rights in Russia. The author underscores that the current conservative narratives, about the distinctiveness of Russian law, reveal certain features of Russian legal culture and, specifically, the intellectual culture that is continually transmitted in legal education, scholarship and practice. Such narratives often serve as a rationale for crafting exceptions to constitutional non-discrimination principles as they are applied to political, religious, sexual and other minorities. In their turn, these exceptions are based on the idea that the validity of rights is mainly justified with reference to communitarian rather than to individual interest. Justification of these exceptions requires reconciling the formal requirement of legality with factual practices of arbitrary law-enforcement. Show less
This article discusses two perspectives on interpretative argumentation and the connection with the two conceptions of the Rule of Law. First, we will sketch the formal position and we will... Show moreThis article discusses two perspectives on interpretative argumentation and the connection with the two conceptions of the Rule of Law. First, we will sketch the formal position and we will demonstrate how interpretative argumentation is to be analyzed from this perspective. We will then show the consequences of the second perspective, and demonstrate how the richer conception of the Rule of Law is related to a more context sensitive analysis of interpretative argumentation. Show less
Het syllogisme speelt een belangrijke rol in juridische argumentatie. Niet alleen in simpele argumentaties waarbij de toepassing van een enkele rechtsregel wordt gerechtvaardigd, maar ook in... Show moreHet syllogisme speelt een belangrijke rol in juridische argumentatie. Niet alleen in simpele argumentaties waarbij de toepassing van een enkele rechtsregel wordt gerechtvaardigd, maar ook in complexe vormen van argumentatie waarbij verschillende interpretaties van een rechtsregel verdedigbaar zijn. Zelfs bij een belangenafweging door de rechter – toch een van de meeste vrije vormen van juridische argumentatie – speelt het juridische syllogisme een belangrijke rol. Deze rol is bovendien niet beperkt tot de legitimatie of rechtvaardiging van een juridisch standpunt, maar omvat ook de fase van de heuristiek (het vinden van de argumenten). Show less
Previous research suggests that perceived negative treatment by police officers may have consequences for victims’ willingness to share information with the police. This might explain why... Show morePrevious research suggests that perceived negative treatment by police officers may have consequences for victims’ willingness to share information with the police. This might explain why particularly repeat victims are less likely to cooperate with the police. The current study explores why this would be true by conducting in-depth interviews with 32 crime victims who had recently reported their victimisation of property crime or violent crime to the police. Results indicate that victims of both types of crime had similar thoughts on what was deemed fair treatment. Victims who were deeply touched by the crime and/or the offender thought it was also important that the police took a clear-stance against the crime. While rapid case handling seemed to be more important for property crime victims than police officers’ investigative actions and the outcome, victims of violent crime expected the police to find the offender to make it clear to the offender that such (law-breaking) behaviour was not tolerated. When victims of violent crime felt that the police had failed in this task, they would feel abandoned by the police. This feeling had not only negative consequences for these victims’ willingness to cooperate, but could even lead to feelings of vigilantism, particularly among victims of violent crime who knew their offender. Implications for policy and future research are discussed. Show less
Human traffickers are usually depicted in public discourse as evil villains: the crème de la crèmeof organized crime. Although this image has also been dominant among scholars for a long time, it... Show moreHuman traffickers are usually depicted in public discourse as evil villains: the crème de la crèmeof organized crime. Although this image has also been dominant among scholars for a long time, it has become increasingly controversial. On the one hand, this debate is fueled by discussions amongst criminologists on criminal networks, on the other hand by the expansion of the legal definition of the crime since 2005. Apart from exploitation in the prostitution sector, various other forms of human trafficking are distinguished now, including labor exploitation. This article explores the question of which organizational forms play a role in labor exploitation. Through a review of the empirical research literature on labor exploitation, the authors show that in the field of labor exploitation, there is probably less involvement in criminal syndicates or criminal networks that maintain contacts with other criminal networks. In many cases, labor exploitation is committed by individuals or family businesses, or smaller loosely organized networks that are not necessarily embedded in other criminal networks. For researchers and policy makers alike, it is therefore advisable not to approach labor exploitation exclusively from the perspective of transnational organized crime. Show less
Research suggests that social identity plays an important role in citizens’ views of legal authorities. This article draws on fieldwork observations and semi-structured interviews or surveys to... Show moreResearch suggests that social identity plays an important role in citizens’ views of legal authorities. This article draws on fieldwork observations and semi-structured interviews or surveys to examine both officers’ perceptions and the experiences of people that are stopped in the context of border policing in the border areas of the Netherlands. Our results indicate that non-Dutch citizens and Dutch majority group members generally find these stops acceptable, while Dutch ethnic minority group members perceive them as more problematic. This was mostly related to the feeling of being profiled and a lack of clarity about the reason for the stop. While officers were committed to fair treatment, they also believed that the impact of a stop is very limited. The article finishes by discussing the implications of these findings for issues of belonging and legitimacy. The article finishes by discussing the implications of these findings for issues of belonging and legitimacy. Show less
Ganpat, S.M.; Leun, J.P. van der; Nieuwbeerta, P. 2017
Internal borders are a major but understudied site of crimmigration as most scholarship has focused on external borders (Van der Woude and Van Berlo, 2015). Internal borders were supposed to... Show moreInternal borders are a major but understudied site of crimmigration as most scholarship has focused on external borders (Van der Woude and Van Berlo, 2015). Internal borders were supposed to disappear under the principle of free movement within the European Union. But today we see EU member states policing the borders inside Schengen, checking identification, verifying passage, and regulating mobility in so-called ‘gray zones’. This article investigates this type of policing within the EU, focusing on the case of the Netherlands. It argues that the policing of internal borders is highly dependent upon discretionary power, a significant factor in the crimmigration process that we do not know enough about. Following Hawkins (1992, 2003), Schneider (1992), and Bushway and Forst (2013) on discretion and discretionary decisionmaking, we examine the interaction between decisions by law-makers and policy-makers that create discretionary space for law enforcement officials on the ground, and the way in which these street-level bureaucrats perceive the discretionary space attributed to them. By zeroing in on the interaction between these two actors, we aim to find the discretionary decision that matters the most in terms of explaining the crimmigration practices, offering a more holistic and interdisciplinary approach to border control. We discuss the implications of this power and the consequences for the European Project as such. Show less
