Our primary hypothesis will be that Izmir’s culture and political economy were purposefully manipulated by the Ottoman and European centers and their various representatives in their quest for... Show moreOur primary hypothesis will be that Izmir’s culture and political economy were purposefully manipulated by the Ottoman and European centers and their various representatives in their quest for dominance, but that these found themselves consistently resisted and thwarted by Izmir’s cultural and institutional dynamic. We will posit that this distinctly crosscultural urban culture had its own political economy, with its own logic and trajectory. From this primary hypothesis immediately follows another – which holds that the image of Izmir as a segregated and administratively neglected ‘city’ was a façade. Willfully constructed by the Ottoman and European centers and their local representatives, it was maintained to hide from view a world of crosscultural compromise and mutual dependencies. This hidden ‘middle ground’ and the urban culture it fostered, differed significantly enough from that in other Ottoman places of crosscultural trade to effectively constitute a distinct urban culture Show less
The life of the German chemist-apothecary Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt (1773-1854) offers a fascinating window on Dutch culture and society in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. By... Show moreThe life of the German chemist-apothecary Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt (1773-1854) offers a fascinating window on Dutch culture and society in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. By providing an in-depth analysis of his multi-faceted career in the Netherlands and the Malay Archipelago, this study sheds light on the co-evolutionary character of science, governance, and empire. It argues that the seeds of Reinwardt's professional flexibility lay in his practical training in one of Amsterdam's chemical workshops and his socialization in a broader cultural context where the improvement of society and economy played a crucial role Show less
Collaborative supply chain solutions are widely accepted in the industry as one of the main factors driving the manager's action learning. In a competitive market environment, the behaviour of the... Show moreCollaborative supply chain solutions are widely accepted in the industry as one of the main factors driving the manager's action learning. In a competitive market environment, the behaviour of the manager can be the difference between an enterprise strategic performance success and failure. Wilfred Rachan examines the effects of collaborative supply chain solutions on strategic performance management. Based on an explorative Action Research (AR) study over 4 iterations at 3 manufacturing companies, he developed the strategic performance inhibitors (SPI) model from the identified strategic performance attributes. From the SPI model, research variables were derived leading to a number of effects from collaborative supply chain solutions on strategic performance management. One of the main contributions of this research is to describe these effects through causal models based on data collected, building upon and extending existing theoretical models. Show less
History shows that NGOs activity in the international arena has grown steadily since the beginning of the 20th century, accelerating its pace after the enactment of the UN Charter, which admitted... Show moreHistory shows that NGOs activity in the international arena has grown steadily since the beginning of the 20th century, accelerating its pace after the enactment of the UN Charter, which admitted pluralism not only between States, but also beyond States, because it acknowledged that individuals could interact with the United Nations not only through governmental organizations but also through non-governmental organizations. In NGOs: legitimate subjects of International Law, Eduardo Szazi presents a methodical appraisal of the role of NGOs in the contemporary world, addressing their main characteristics under each of the sources of international law, as well some pressing questions about the legitimacy deficit of States and Intergovernmental Organizations in the 21st century Show less
Corporations disclose social information which is likely to relate to their social responsibility activities. The disclosed social information is called social disclosures, a term borrowed from... Show moreCorporations disclose social information which is likely to relate to their social responsibility activities. The disclosed social information is called social disclosures, a term borrowed from financial accounting and reporting. Why do corporations want to disclose information regarding their social responsibility activities? This study contains a search for the answer to that question. It is a study on the societal determinants of corporate social disclosures. The considered societal determinants are institutional and they are explained by a system-theoretical framework of stakeholder and legitimacy theory. According to the currently dominant research paradigm in financial accounting, corporations have a narrow focus on the decision-usefulness of corporate information and the creation of shareholder value. This study is different. It assumes that managers are aware of the bigger picture of society and the position of their corporations in society. In this study it is shown that managers can have a broader focus than just on shareholder value creation. This is a volume in the series of the Meijers Research Institute and Graduate School of Leiden University Show less
Dutch social security law has changed during the last decades. Values of equality and solidarity, which traditionally underpin social security law, are slowly being replaced by the value of... Show moreDutch social security law has changed during the last decades. Values of equality and solidarity, which traditionally underpin social security law, are slowly being replaced by the value of individual responsibility. This transformation is embodied in the Life Course Arrangement, an individual savings scheme for (new) social risks that was introduced in Dutch social security law in 2006. In 2013 this arrangement will be replaced by the Vitality Arrangement. How can the establishment of the idea of individual savings schemes in traditional collective social security law be explained? And is it possible to criticize those changes without reverting to some notion of justice?The introduction of the Life Course Arrangement serves as a paradigmatic case for this study. Based on a (juridical) discourse analysis of a selection of (policy) texts and interviews with key actors involved in the policy process, this study shows that the establishment of the idea of individual savings schemes in traditional Dutch collective social security law was, amongst other things, the result of the introduction of the new signifiers 'life course' and 'life course perspective' in the social security discourse. These signifiers made people see things in a different way and constructed a new space of representation that enabled the reconciliation of formerly opposite views. For example, the new discourse that emerged was structured around the fantasy that increased labor market participation and more time for care and/or leisure are reconcilable. The study also shows how the Life Course Arrangement emerged in an atmosphere of antagonism and disagreement. Yet, due to a strong aging society narrative the idea of individual savings schemes was able to survive in Dutch social security law. The introduction of the Life Course Arrangement is criticized for ignoring the voices of those who joined the earlier 'life course discourse coalition' and for constructing a self responsible life planner as a new governable subject. The study argues that this subject must be distinguished from the ethical subject who strives for a genuine access to freedom practices. The insights gained in this study can both improve the methodological development of research that is based on discourse theory and incite policymakers and social lawyers to rethink recent social security reforms. This is a volume in the series of the Meijers Research Institute and Graduate School of Leiden University. This study was conducted within the framework of the research programme Reform of Social Legislation. Show less
This study aims to provide an insight in the underlying fabric of colonial remains in Taiwan. Heritage became a prevailing phenomenon during the formation of modern nation-states. The image of... Show moreThis study aims to provide an insight in the underlying fabric of colonial remains in Taiwan. Heritage became a prevailing phenomenon during the formation of modern nation-states. The image of Japan as an advanced modernized nation is rooted within Taiwan and is represented by heritage activities associated with Japanese colonial sites. The case of Japanese colonial heritage in Taiwan shows similarities and differences to the situation of colonial sites within the postcolonial metropole/colony power unbalance. Show less
Rethinking Ostia presents an archaeological and spatial approach to Roman urbanism, focused on Rome's port city. It takes the reader along the route of a 'spatial investigation', offering a fresh... Show moreRethinking Ostia presents an archaeological and spatial approach to Roman urbanism, focused on Rome's port city. It takes the reader along the route of a 'spatial investigation', offering a fresh look and detailed insights into the past society and the built environment of this port town. Following a scaled approach, the book examines different aspects of Ostia's urban landscape, applying Space Syntax's methods for spatial analysis to the urban neighbourhood of one city block - Insula IV ii, selected buildings (Ostia's guild seats), and the entire street system. All through the book a 'Space First' policy has been followed, combining archaeological research with today's insights into urban planning. The heart of this scalar approach is the complete re-working of the archaeological evidence and its interpretative potential for the city block, Insula IV ii. This neighbourhood enjoys an excellent location and boasts a striking variety of buildings including the well-known Terme del Faro, the Caseggiato dell'Ercole, and the Caupona del Pavone, but till now has not been studied in its entirety and within its own social and spatial context. Through a careful reconstruction of the Insula's development over the first three centuries AD, the work fills a lacuna - but more importantly it reveals the way everyday life was structured in the city, and how this evolved over time in response to internal and external influences on the lives of its inhabitants. Rethinking Ostia draws upon archaeological data and extensive spatial analyses, both carefully documented and illustrated. The findings highlight the active role of space in structuring social activity in the ancient city. Archaeological Studies Leiden University (ASLU) is a series of the Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University since 1998. The series' aim is to publish Research and PhD theses of Archaeology and covers the international research fields of European Prehistory, Classical-, Near Eastern-, Indian American- and Science-based Archaeology Show less
Dr. Ruud Louw belicht de juridische kant van het hoger onderwijs om meer bekendheid te geven en meer inzicht te verschaffen in het hoger onderwijs aan de hand van de centrale vraag of de onderlinge... Show moreDr. Ruud Louw belicht de juridische kant van het hoger onderwijs om meer bekendheid te geven en meer inzicht te verschaffen in het hoger onderwijs aan de hand van de centrale vraag of de onderlinge bevoegdheidsverdeling van de overhead en instellingen voor hoger onderwijs binnen de constitutionele uitgangspunten van het Nederlands bestel nog wel adequaat is Kan de zelfstandigheid van die instellingen ten opzichte van de overheid worden vergroot zonder afbreuk te doen aan de verantwoordelijkheid van de overheid? Deze studie werd verricht in het kader van het facultaire onderzoeksprogramma Hervorming van sociale regelgeving. Show less
Het is het voorjaar van 1348. Pestepidemieën rukken op richting Vlaanderen en er is al langer sprake van maatschappelijke onrust. In deze roerige setting legde een kopiist de laatste hand aan zijn... Show moreHet is het voorjaar van 1348. Pestepidemieën rukken op richting Vlaanderen en er is al langer sprake van maatschappelijke onrust. In deze roerige setting legde een kopiist de laatste hand aan zijn boek. Hij had een hele prestatie geleverd: 618 bladzijden had hij volgeschreven met passages uit de Bijbel en andere geestelijke teksten in het Nederlands. Had hij ooit kunnen bevroeden dat zijn boek een van de schatkamers van de Middelnederlandse letterkunde zou worden? Het boek heeft de eeuwen goed doorstaan. Binnen de Bijzondere Collecties van de Bibliotheek van de Universiteit van Amsterdam behoort handschrift I G 41 tot de topstukken. Esther Jonker heeft dit intrigerende object, het Amsterdams Perikopenboek, onderworpen aan een integrale analyse. Zij bespreekt de letterkundige aspecten van een van de oudste prozahandschriften in het Nederlands, als ook de sociaal-culturele en religieuze achtergronden. Met een synthese van de uitkomsten van haar onderzoek werpt Jonker een nieuw licht op de context van de vroegste Nederlandse Bijbelteksten Show less
Starting with Weber’s disenchantment thesis, a sociological tradition has developed that associates modernity with a crisis of meaning. The de-mystification of our worldview and the decreasing... Show moreStarting with Weber’s disenchantment thesis, a sociological tradition has developed that associates modernity with a crisis of meaning. The de-mystification of our worldview and the decreasing influence of religious traditions in specific are seen as obstacles for making sense of human existence. But in fact, modern societies are full of meaning and they continue to be religious. This study shows that, in an implicit form, religion can be found everywhere in our culture. The Internet hype of the 1990s was a particularly effervescent example of implicit religiosity. The hopeful discourse about the Internet that typified this hype drew on religious ideas and language, and it inspired strong belief. This dissertation explores the appeal of the Internet as an object of faith and it looks at how it could serve as a source of meaning. Show less
In this dissertation it is argued that the concept of “literary intelligence” as used and developed by Frank Raymond Leavis and other members of his Scrutiny circle is a viable theoretical and... Show moreIn this dissertation it is argued that the concept of “literary intelligence” as used and developed by Frank Raymond Leavis and other members of his Scrutiny circle is a viable theoretical and educational notion and is long due a reappraisal. Their thesis that reading quality texts intelligently assists our personal and moral development is taken up and subjected to philosophical analysis. It is also argued that a theory of intellectual virtue is best suited for such a reappraisal. Literary intelligence is then found to be best interpreted as a form of Aristotelian practical intelligence. This interpretation allows us to theorize the moral salience of literary experiences. This theorization is achieved through an in-depth analysis of relevant articles written by Leavis, Harding and Bantock, assorted writings on the relationship between life and art as envisaged by a number of thinkers, as well as a sustained analysis of the theory of intellectual virtue. In particular, recourse is taken to the theory of intellectual virtue as drafted by American philosopher Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski. Consequently, a number of educational implications of the above theories are identified and commented upon. Also, it is shown that the above-mentioned theoretical insights fit in well with the consistent findings of research into reading. Finally it is argued that if the capacity to read well is best approached as a moral trait, then reading education cannot be legitimately conceptualized as one ‘competence’ among others. On the contrary: reading education ought to form the moral kernel of the curriculum. A sustained and socially sanctioned emphasis on the fostering of reading and the creation of a culture of literacy will widely expand the social, cultural and moral horizons of children and adults alike. Show less
Zowel India als Nederland kennen op het moment scherpe tegenstellingen, in Nederland onder andere tussen autochtonen en allochtonen en in India tussen Hindoes en Moslims. Komen zulke scherp... Show moreZowel India als Nederland kennen op het moment scherpe tegenstellingen, in Nederland onder andere tussen autochtonen en allochtonen en in India tussen Hindoes en Moslims. Komen zulke scherp afgebakende groepsgrenzen voort uit de menselijke natuur of uit een bepaalde in het westen uitgevonden manier van denken? Dit boek onderzoekt zes tegenstellingen in centraal India in de zeventiende eeuw, dus voordat het westerse kolonialisme zijn sterkste invloed deed gelden. Het blijkt dat groepstegenstellingen ook in het zeventiende-eeuwse Indiase leven een belangrijke rol speelden. Het ging in het zeventiende-eeuwse India wel om andere tegenstellingen dan vandaag de dag, zoals bijvoorbeeld de vergeten tegenstelling tussen Links- en Rechtshandige kasten. Verder blijkt -- ook anders dan vandaag -- dat de tegenstelling tussen Portugezen en Nederlanders (al of niet in dienst van de VOC) belangrijker was dan die tussen Europeanen en IndiC+rs. De ooit zo grote tegenstelling tussen Indiase Moslims en buitenlandse Moslims werd in de loop van de zeventiende eeuw overvleugeld door de tegenstelling tussen Hindoes en Moslims die vandaag de dag een grote rol speelt. In verband met de politieke gevoeligheid van dit onderzoek, omvat het boek ook een pleidooi tegen het 'erfgoed-denken' en het in verband brengen van de huidige Moslimgemeenschap in India met iedere Moslim die ooit een Hindoetempel heeft verwoest. Dit pleidooi strekt zich uit tot andere situaties waarin het erfgoed-denken hoogtij viert -- denk aan de verheerlijking van de VOC en het slavernij-debat in Nederland. Ironisch genoeg vormen de VOC-archieven wel een van de belangrijkste bronnen voor dit boek. It is tempting to think of precolonial India as a harmonious society, but was it? This study brings evidence from new and unexpected sources to take position in the sensitive debate over that question. From the investigation of six conflicts in the Deccan region it draws conclusions about group behaviour that put modern clashes in context. Some of the conflicts under investigation appear odd today but were very real to the involved, as the antagonism between Left and Right Hand castes was for about a thousand years. Other conflicts continue to the present day: the seventeenth century saw lasting changes in the relationship between Hindus and Muslims as well as the rise of patriotism and early nationalism in both India and Europe. This book carefully brings to life the famous and obscure people who made the era, from the Dutch painter Heda to queen Khadija and from maharaja Shivaji to the English rebel Keigwin. Show less
Adriaan in 't Groen gaat in op de gevolgen van de Wende (de val van de Berlijnse muur) voor de in de voormalige DDR gelegen Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Hij beschrijft de lotgevallen van... Show moreAdriaan in 't Groen gaat in op de gevolgen van de Wende (de val van de Berlijnse muur) voor de in de voormalige DDR gelegen Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Hij beschrijft de lotgevallen van vijfhonderd hoogleraren (de zogeheten Ostprofessoren) in het bijzonder. De Wende had verschillende gevolgen voor het verloop van hun beroepspraktijk. Hoewel de universiteit bleef bestaan en sommige hoogleraren hun baan behielden of zelfs verwierven, werden anderen juist ontslagen. Met de Ostprofessoren als casus analyseert In 't Groen de relatie tussen universiteit, staat en maatschappij. History, geography, and auxiliary disciplines; Sociology Show less
In de moderne informatiemaatschappij zijn steeds meer burgers actief op internet. Het gevolg is dat grote aantallen persoonsgegevens digitaal beschikbaar zijn voor de politie. Voorts groeit de... Show moreIn de moderne informatiemaatschappij zijn steeds meer burgers actief op internet. Het gevolg is dat grote aantallen persoonsgegevens digitaal beschikbaar zijn voor de politie. Voorts groeit de opslagcapaciteit van computers per jaar en worden ze voortdurend slimmer. Zodoende kan de politie in grote hoeveelheden data bepaalde relevante verbanden vinden. Voor de opsporing en vervolging van strafbare feiten maken politiediensten veelvuldig gebruik van de nieuwe technische mogelijkheden. De effectiviteit van de opsporing wordt daardoor gestaag vergroot. Dit brengt echter ook risico's mee voor de vrijheid en privacy van onverdachte burgers. De auteur beschrijft vanuit een juridisch technologisch perspectief in hoeverre intelligente ict-toepassingen in politiële informatiesystemen kunnen bijdragen aan het effectief waarborgen van het recht op privacy. In het bijzonder wordt gekeken naar de technische mogelijkheden om de elektronische uitwisseling van politiegegevens te reguleren. De kernvraag is: staat het recht op privacy op gespannen voet met de geautomatiseerde uitwisseling van politiegegevens? Het antwoord is complex. De toekomst heeft diverse verrassingen in petto, aldus de auteur. Dit is een boek in de Meijers-reeks. De reeks valt onder verantwoordelijkheid van het E.M. Meijers Instituut voor Rechtswetenschappelijk Onderzoek van de Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid van de Universiteit Leiden. Dit boek maakt deel uit van het onderzoeksprogramma 'Criminal Justice: Legitimacy, Accountability, and Effectivity'. Show less
This study is meant as a contribution to debates about literary and martial cultures in history as conducted by Joshua Goldstein (2001), Sheldon Pollock (2003) and the celebrated Indian historian... Show moreThis study is meant as a contribution to debates about literary and martial cultures in history as conducted by Joshua Goldstein (2001), Sheldon Pollock (2003) and the celebrated Indian historian Romila Thapar (1999). It offers insights into martial ethics and identity politics through an analysis of the development of medieval and contemporary heroic and epic genres. And it adds to our understanding of the literary-historical processes that lead to the deification of warrior-heroes in South Asia. By describing the different degrees of narrative importance that Rajasthani poets attached to battle-death and the martial and/or religious role ascribed to warrior-heroes in Rajasthan and Sindh, the author suggests new ways of interpreting the region's past. Show less
Deze studie omvat een empirisch onderzoek naar de in 1975 ingestelde Werkgroep Alimentatienormen. Dit overleg verricht pionierswerk op het gebied van rechterlijke samenwerking en houdt zich nu ruim... Show moreDeze studie omvat een empirisch onderzoek naar de in 1975 ingestelde Werkgroep Alimentatienormen. Dit overleg verricht pionierswerk op het gebied van rechterlijke samenwerking en houdt zich nu ruim dertig jaar bezig met het bevorderen van een uniforme alimentatiehoogte in Nederland. Terwijl in het juridische debat over rechterlijke samenwerking vooral de principiële aspecten aan bod komen, geeft dit boek een empirische evaluatie van de prestaties van rechters als regelgevers op het terrein van alimentatie. Deze studie werd verricht in het kader van het facultaire onderzoeksprogramma Geschillenbeslechting, subproject rechterlijke samenwerking Show less
This study aimed to construct a historiography of archaeological landscape research on the island of Crete and evaluate the knowledge acquired through different approaches of over more than a... Show moreThis study aimed to construct a historiography of archaeological landscape research on the island of Crete and evaluate the knowledge acquired through different approaches of over more than a century's intense archaeological work. It provides a detailed analysis of relevant projects, which are seen within a wider historical framework of archaeological landscape research from the beginnings of the discipline (19th century) to the present day. The five major 'traditions; ore else 'approaches' of studying past landscapes that are identified, demonstrate certain common attributes in questions asked, methodology followed and interpretative suggestions. Analysis, however, has shown that these 'traditions' have been in a continuous interplay and have each their own limitations as well as worthy contribution to the study of the Cretan past. The assessment of archaeological landscape work on Crete concluded on the need to be explicit regarding 1) the relationship between data and interpretations and 2) on the kind of information we need to produce and publish from landscape research so that we promote archaeological knowledge and allow a higher lever of communication within the archaeological community Show less
Why does the state bureaucracy in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) appear to have been affected very little by the post-communist transformation when compared to other public institutions and... Show moreWhy does the state bureaucracy in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) appear to have been affected very little by the post-communist transformation when compared to other public institutions and sectors of the economy? Why have declared reforms of civil services failed so far to reach most of their objectives and even have had a counter-productive effect in some cases? On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the development of the Russian and Czech state administration over the last decade and a half the author provides a thorough insight into the causes of the prevailing tendencies in the administrative development of CEE countries and explores key factors that have led to more than modest results in the reforms of their civil services Show less
On New Year's Eve 2001, fourteen youngsters were killed and more than two hundred got injured by a fire in a bar in the municipality of Volendam in the Netherlands.After this tragic event, the... Show moreOn New Year's Eve 2001, fourteen youngsters were killed and more than two hundred got injured by a fire in a bar in the municipality of Volendam in the Netherlands.After this tragic event, the Dutch government intensified the administrative law enforcement of the fire safety regulation, especially in the catering industry. From an economic and social perspective important questions can be raised on this response to the 'Volendam disaster'.Are the costs and benefits of enforcement properly balanced? What effects on compliance can be expected from administrative law enforcement? Is private enforcement by liability claims of victims considered as an alternative? The main question of this thesis is:What is an effective and efficient enforcement policy for fire safety in the catering industry? In particular, this thesis discusses whether the use of informal, cooperative enforcement through warnings, persuasion and advice (a so called compliance strategy) is effective in inducing compliance with the fire safety regulation.The standard economic model of compliance and enforcement stresses the importance of immediately punishing individuals and firms for non-compliance (a deterrence strategy). In practice many administrative law enforcement officials do not impose the strict sanctions economists promote. Part I of this thesis analyzes the economic literature to discuss whether and when a compliance strategy can be beneficial. It discusses which enforcement method (private, administrative or criminal) is effective and efficient to enforce safety standards. Definite conclusions on the optimal enforcement policy can only be drawn by analyzing the actual data.Therefore, part II of this thesis analyzes which enforcement policy is effective and efficient for the case of fire safety in the catering industry in the Netherlands. Enforcement officials have been interviewed to examine the use of a compliance strategy.The benefits and costs of the enforcement efforts after the Volendam disaster are estimated to see whether these efforts have been a desirable investment. Also, the compensation of the victims of the Volendam disaster is investigated to analyze the incentive to take precautions. Finally, a simulation of different enforcement policies in a representative municipality examines which policy is efficient. This is a volume in the series of the E.M. Meijers Institute for Legal Research of the Faculty of Law at Leiden Show less
