Context Liver fat content and visceral fat volume are associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease and are higher in men than in women. Objective To determine the effect of... Show moreContext Liver fat content and visceral fat volume are associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease and are higher in men than in women. Objective To determine the effect of estradiol and testosterone treatment on liver fat and visceral fat in transgender persons. Design Open-label intervention study (SHAMVA) with a 1-year follow-up. Setting Gender clinic in a hospital. Patients 8 trans women and 18 trans men receiving hormone treatment. Interventions Trans women received an antiandrogen and after 6 weeks estradiol was added. Trans men were randomized to receive triptorelin, testosterone, and anastrozole for 12 weeks or triptorelin and testosterone for 12 weeks, followed by only testosterone until week 52. Main outcome measures Liver fat content, visceral and abdominal subcutaneous fat volume, measured by magnetic resonance spectrometry or imaging at baseline, 6, 8, 18, and 58 weeks in transwomen or at baseline; at 6 and 12 weeks in trans men with anastrozole; and at 52 weeks in trans men without anastrozole. Results In trans women, liver fat content decreased by 1.55% (-2.99 to -0.12) after 58 weeks, compared to week 6. Visceral fat did not change. In trans men with anastrozole, the liver fat content and visceral fat volume did not change. In trans men without anastrozole, after 52 weeks, liver fat content increased by 0.83% (0.14 to 1.52) and visceral fat volume increased by 34% (16 to 51). Conclusions Sex hormones regulate liver fat content and visceral fat in men and women. Show less
Klaver, M.; Velzen, D. van; Blok, C. de; Nota, N.; Wiepjes, C.; Defreyne, J.; ... ; Mutsert, R. de 2022
Introduction: Excess visceral fat increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and is influenced by sex hormones. Our aim was to investigate changes in visceral fat and the... Show moreIntroduction: Excess visceral fat increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and is influenced by sex hormones. Our aim was to investigate changes in visceral fat and the ratio of visceral fat to total body fat (VAT/TBF) and their associations with changes in lipids and insulin resistance after 1 year of hormone therapy in trans persons. Methods: In 179 trans women and 162 trans men, changes in total body and visceral fat estimated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after 1 year of hormone therapy were related to lipids and insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] with linear regression analysis. Results: In trans women, total body fat increased by 4.0 kg (95% CI 3.4, 4.7), while the amount of visceral fat did not change (-2 grams; 95% CI -15, 11), albeit with a large range from -318 to 281, resulting in a decrease in the VAT/TBF ratio of 17% (95% CI 15, 19). In trans men, total body fat decreased with 2.8 kg (95% CI 2.2, 3.5), while the amount of visceral fat did not change (3 g; 95% CI -10, 16; range -372, 311), increasing the VAT/TBF ratio by 14% (95% CI 10, 17). In both groups, VAT/TBF was not associated with changes in blood lipids or HOMA-IR. Conclusions: Hormone therapy in trans women and trans men resulted in changes in VAT/TBF, mainly due to changes in total body fat and were unrelated to changes in cardiometabolic risk factors, which suggests that any unfavorable cardiometabolic effects of hormone therapy are not mediated by changes in visceral fat or VAT/TBF. Show less
Verkouter, I.; Noordam, R.; Cessie, S. le; Dam, R.M. van; Lamb, H.J.; Rosendaal, F.R.; ... ; Mutsert, R. de 2019
