ObjectiveTo learn lessons for maternity care by scrutinizing postpartum hemorrhage management (PPH) in cases of PPH-related maternal deaths in France and the Netherlands. MethodsIn this binational... Show moreObjectiveTo learn lessons for maternity care by scrutinizing postpartum hemorrhage management (PPH) in cases of PPH-related maternal deaths in France and the Netherlands. MethodsIn this binational Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths (CEMD), 14 PPH-related maternal deaths were reviewed by six experts from the French and Dutch national maternal death review committees regarding cause and preventability of death, clinical care and healthcare organization. Improvable care factors and lessons learned were identified. CEMD practices and PPH guidelines in France and the Netherlands were compared in the process. ResultsFor France, new insights were primarily related to organization of healthcare, with lessons learned focusing on medical leadership and implementation of (surgical) checklists. For the Netherlands, insights were mainly related to clinical care, emphasizing hemostatic surgery earlier in the course of PPH and reducing the third stage of labor by prompter manual removal of the placenta. Experts recommended extending PPH guidelines with specific guidance for women refusing blood products and systematic evaluation of risk factors. The quality of CEMD was presumed to benefit from enhanced case finding, also through non-obstetric sources, and electronic reporting of maternal deaths to reduce the administrative burden. ConclusionA binational CEMD revealed opportunities for improvement of care beyond lessons learned at the national level. Show less
Background: Melanocytic tumor of uncertain malignant potential (MELTUMP) and superficial atypical melanocytic proliferation of uncertain significance (SAMPUS) are descriptive and provisional terms... Show moreBackground: Melanocytic tumor of uncertain malignant potential (MELTUMP) and superficial atypical melanocytic proliferation of uncertain significance (SAMPUS) are descriptive and provisional terms for melanocytic tumors with ambiguous histopathological features that are not easily classified as either benign or malignant. Objective: To investigate the incidence and clinical outcome of MELTUMP and SAMPUS in the Netherlands. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed all diagnoses of MELTUMP and SAMPUS from the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank from 1991 to October 1, 2021. Clinical outcome was studied for cases diagnosed until October 1, 2018. Results: A total of 1685 MELTUMP and 1957 SAMPUS were identified with an annual incidence of 150 to 300 cases. Metastatic behavior was seen in 0.7% of all initially diagnosed MELTUMP. All SAMPUS remained free of metastases. Limitations: Reassessment of pathology slides and confirmation of clonality between primary and metastatic lesions remained outside the scope of this study. Conclusion: Despite the ‘uncertainty’ in the nomenclature, our results demonstrate a low malignant potential for MELTUMP and no malignant potential for SAMPUS. We emphasize the importance of consultation for ambiguous melanocytic lesions and to limit the MELTUMP/SAMPUS terminology to legitimately uncertain or unclassifiable cases. ( J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;88:602-8.) Show less
The subject of the dissertation is the investigation and mapping of Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov, the founder of “modern medicine” in Imperial Russia in the 19th century, Soviet Union and the Russian... Show moreThe subject of the dissertation is the investigation and mapping of Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov, the founder of “modern medicine” in Imperial Russia in the 19th century, Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. Pirogov lived from 1810-1881 and is briefly and incorrectly only known in the world history of medicine as a military surgeon. He was a professor of applied anatomy and surgery from an early age, being the first to administer anaesthesia (ether) on the battlefield in the Caucasus during the summer of 1847. He was above all a scientist and teacher. He was also a member and correspondent of the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences, and forerunner of the International Red Cross. He wrote many (text)books with different disciplines as subject. Research shows that he is a late student of the Leiden Medical School from the 18th century.The question is: why is Herman Boerhaave, who lived in the late 17th – early 18th century, more famous than Nikolay I. Pirogov, who lived in the 19th century from 1810-1881. Show less
Kallianidis, A.F.; Schutte, J.M.; Schuringa, L.E.M.; Beenakkers, I.C.M.; Bloemenkamp, K.W.M.; Braams-Lisman, B.A.M.; ... ; Akker, T. van den 2022
Introduction: To calculate the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) for 2006-2018 in the Netherlands and compare this with 1993-2005, and to describe women's characteristics, causes of death and... Show moreIntroduction: To calculate the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) for 2006-2018 in the Netherlands and compare this with 1993-2005, and to describe women's characteristics, causes of death and improvable factors. Material and Methods: We performed a nationwide, cohort study of all maternal deaths between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2018 reported to the Audit Committee Maternal Mortality and Morbidity. Main outcome measures were the national MMR and causes of death. Results: Overall MMR was 6.2 per 100 000 live births, a decrease from 12.1 in 1993-2005 (risk ratio [RR] 0.5). Women with a non-western ethnic background had an increased MMR compared with Dutch women (MMR 6.5 vs. 5.0, RR 1.3). The MMR was increased among women with a background from Surinam/Dutch Antilles (MMR 14.7, RR 2.9). Half of all women had an uncomplicated medical history (79/161, 49.1%). Of 171 pregnancy-related deaths within 1 year postpartum, 102 (60%) had a direct and 69 (40%) an indirect cause of death. Leading causes within 42 days postpartum were cardiac disease (n = 21, 14.9%), hypertensive disorders (n = 20, 14.2%) and thrombosis (n = 19, 13.5%). Up to 1 year postpartum, the most common cause of death was cardiac disease (n = 32, 18.7%). Improvable care factors were identified in 76 (47.5%) of all deaths. Conclusions: Maternal mortality halved in 2006-2018 compared with 1993-2005. Cardiac disease became the main cause. In almost half of all deaths, improvable factors were identified and women with a background from Surinam/Dutch Antilles had a threefold increased risk of death compared with Dutch women without a background of migration. Show less
Heitkamp, A.; Meulenbroek, A.; Roosmalen, J. van; Gebhardt, S.; Vollmer, L.; Vries, J.I. de; ... ; Akker, T. van den 2021
Objective To describe the incidence and main causes of maternal near-miss events in middle-income countries using the World Health Organization's (WHO) maternal near-miss tool and to evaluate its... Show moreObjective To describe the incidence and main causes of maternal near-miss events in middle-income countries using the World Health Organization's (WHO) maternal near-miss tool and to evaluate its applicability in these settings. Methods We did a systematic review of studies on maternal near misses in middle-income countries published over 2009-2020. We extracted data on number of live births, number of maternal near misses, major causes of maternal near miss and most frequent organ dysfunction. We extracted, or calculated, the maternal near-miss ratio, maternal mortality ratio and mortality index. We also noted descriptions of researchers'experiences and modifications of the WHO tool for local use. Findings We included 69 studies from 26 countries (12 lower-middle- and 14 upper-middle-income countries). Studies reported a total of 50 552 maternal near misses out of 10 450 482 live births. Median number of cases of maternal near miss per 1000 live births was 15.9 (interquartile range, IQR: 8.9-34.7) in lower-middle- and 7.8 (IQR: 5.0-9.6) in upper-middle-income countries, with considerable variation between and within countries. The most frequent causes of near miss were obstetric haemorrhage in 19/40 studies in lower-middleincome countries and hypertensive disorders in 15/29 studies in upper-middle-income countries. Around half the studies recommended adaptations to the laboratory and management criteria to avoid underestimation of cases of near miss, as well as clearer guidance to avoid different interpretations of the tool. Conclusion In several countries, adaptations of the WHO near-miss tool to the local context were suggested, possibly hampering international comparisons, but facilitating locally relevant audits to learn lessons. Show less
This chapter contains an interview with Jan G. Platvoet, a retired Associate Professor from Leiden University, about the rise and fall of the phenomenology of religion (PoR) in the Netherlands (c... Show moreThis chapter contains an interview with Jan G. Platvoet, a retired Associate Professor from Leiden University, about the rise and fall of the phenomenology of religion (PoR) in the Netherlands (c.1877–1973). Reviewing the complex history from Tiele and Chantepie de la Saussaye through Van der Leeuw to Bleeker and Waardenburg, Platvoet points out several overlooked facts of crucial importance for the history of the study of religion. As a corrective to Anglophone scholarship Platvoet stresses that Dutch PoR developed independently of and prior to Husserl’s philosophical phenomenology, and he points out that Van der Leeuw only reluctantly accepted the title Phänomenologie der Religion for the German translation of his first introduction to the history of religion. More surprising, perhaps, is the fact that there was very little interaction among the Dutch phenomenologists of religion, and that both Van der Leeuw and Waardenburg, despite their international fame, were academically isolated figures in the Netherlands where they had little influence and no academic heirs. The absence of a “Dutch school” made possible the rapid collapse of Dutch PoR during the 1970s. Platvoet never practised PoR himself, but joined the anthropologically inspired assault on this approach that was launched by Theo van Baaren and others in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Within his own generation, Platvoet has been the one to most passionately promote a new, strictly secular and methodologically agnostic comparative science of religion(s) in the Netherlands. The interview took place in English in Jan Platvoet’s home in Bunnik on 20 June 2018. Show less
ENGLISH BELOW:De 1965 à 1975, des travailleurs immigrés venus seuls – la plupart originaires de Turquie, du Maroc et de l’Europe du Sud – ont participé aux transformations des cultures sexuelles et... Show moreENGLISH BELOW:De 1965 à 1975, des travailleurs immigrés venus seuls – la plupart originaires de Turquie, du Maroc et de l’Europe du Sud – ont participé aux transformations des cultures sexuelles et de genre de l’Europe du Nord. Cependant, à partir du milieu des années 1970, l’arrivée des épouses et enfants venus de leur pays d’origine conduit à un changement d’attitude à l’égard de la liberté sexuelle. Cet article explore, dans le cas des Pays-Bas, ce tournant conservateur chez les travailleurs immigrés lié au regroupement familial. Il propose l’utilisation du fonds de collections photographiques déposées par des immigrant.es à l’Institut d’histoire sociale d’Amsterdam et montre l’intérêt de ces archives personnelles pour écrire une histoire de la sexualité et de l’immigration.From the mid-1960s through the mid-1970s, solo male guest-workers – often from Turkey, Morocco, and southern Europe – participated in the radicalizing gender and sexual cultures of northwest Europe. From the mid-1970s onward, however, with the arrival of wives and children from their countries of origin, these men’s attitudes toward sexual liberty changed. This article explores this conservative turn during the guest-worker family reunification years in the Netherlands, using photographs from the Historical Image Archive of Migrants (International Institute of Social History, the Netherlands) to show how personal photo collections can contribute to histories of sexuality and immigration. Show less
Introduction: Within a Dutch nursing home, the prevailing workforce culture was challenged by new personnel, which caused institutional change, which in turn, affected workforce integration. The... Show moreIntroduction: Within a Dutch nursing home, the prevailing workforce culture was challenged by new personnel, which caused institutional change, which in turn, affected workforce integration. The purpose of this study was to examine social processes affecting workforce integration of first-generation immigrant health care professionals in aging citizens in a Dutch health institution in the Netherlands. Method: A purposive sample of 10 immigrants and 10 established nurses was recruited. Ethnography was used to guide this study. 105 hours of participant observation, 8 semistructured interviews with 4 immigrants and 4 established nurses, and 2 focus-group discussions with 8 immigrants and 6 established nurses. Results: The study identified various processes that affect culturally congruent care in the nursing home, like the imposing professional norms, the use of "weapons of the weak," mutual suspicions of indifference, and collective images of "us" versus "them." Both groups conceived the "others" as the source of their discomfort, however, both had pain of not mattering. Discussion: When recruiting international educated nurses "all nursing staff" face difficulties when going through the precarious process of mutual integration in daily care practices. We recommend that nurse leaders facilitate positive intergroup interactions that promotes reciprocity for all groups of nurses for better health care outcomes for all. Show less
Kuipers, E.; Wensing, M.; Smet, P.A.G.M. de; Teichert, M. 2019
This paper examines why the support of independent local parties has grown substantially in the Netherlands. These are parties that run in municipal council elections, but do not run in elections... Show moreThis paper examines why the support of independent local parties has grown substantially in the Netherlands. These are parties that run in municipal council elections, but do not run in elections at higher levels, specifically the national level. Such parties saw their support double in the Netherlands between 1986 and 2010. Parties of this type have also grown in other Western European states. This paper examines two possible explanations: declining political trust on the level of voters and, on the supply side, the rise of parties that are not rooted at the local level. The evidence shows that the rise of independent local parties reflects the rise of national political parties that do not run in many municipal elections. This article examines the case of the Netherlands, pooling five surveys from the 1986–2010 period. Show less
The approach of the Netherlands to tackling tax evasion and tax avoidance has changed over the course of the years 2015 to 2018. These changes are to a great extent the result of the priority of... Show moreThe approach of the Netherlands to tackling tax evasion and tax avoidance has changed over the course of the years 2015 to 2018. These changes are to a great extent the result of the priority of the Dutch government to ensure that “the Netherlands’ image as a country that makes it easy for multinationals to avoid taxation”is overturned by appropriate measures. As a member of the OECD, the Netherlands has participated in the design of the content of the BEPS Actions and in the BEPS Inclusive Framework. In general, the Netherlands has adopted all BEPS Actions and it has committed to the BEPS Multilateral Instrument for almost all its tax treaty network and with very few reservations. More recently, in February 2018, the State Secretary of Finance published two Policy Letters, one to introduce the Tax Policy Agenda and the other to introduce measures to tackle tax avoidance and tax evasion. The Dutch government has proposed in the Tax Policy Agenda several measures to counteract tax avoidance including the adoption of the EU Anti-Avoidance Tax Directives (ATAD 1 and ATAD 2) with some stricter requirements. If the measure relating to ATAD 1 is approved by the Dutch Parliament, the result will be a stricter rule than the minimum standard of ATAD 1. In order to address the needs of investors, the Netherlands is also proposing favourable rules such as the elimination of the Dutch dividend withholding tax and reduction of the corporate income tax rate. As of July 2018, these measures are still under discussion. Show less
This article presents an in-depth evaluation of a specialized reintegration initiative within the Dutch Probation Service focused on individuals convicted or suspected of involvement in terrorism.... Show moreThis article presents an in-depth evaluation of a specialized reintegration initiative within the Dutch Probation Service focused on individuals convicted or suspected of involvement in terrorism. Using 72 interviews with program staff as well as several of their clients, the authors assess the initiative’s program theory, its day-to-day implementation and provide a qualified assessment of its overall effectiveness in the 2016 to 2018 period. The results suggest that the initiative is based on a sound understanding of how and why individuals may deradicalize or disengage from terrorism behaviorally, but that it continues to face serious challenges in terms of accurately defining success and systematically gathering objective indicators of its attainment. As terrorism remains a key challenge for societies across the globe, the relevance of these findings extends beyond the Netherlands to all academics, policymakers and practitioners working to design, implement and assess terrorist reintegration programs. Show less
This article shifts the analysis of parliamentary oversight tools to the level of the political party, asking how political parties make use of written parliamentary questions. It theorises that... Show moreThis article shifts the analysis of parliamentary oversight tools to the level of the political party, asking how political parties make use of written parliamentary questions. It theorises that the use of parliamentary questions is related to the ideological and electoral competition between political parties, borrowing from theories on issue competition and negative campaigning. It provides an empirical test, using data on written questions from the lower house in the Netherlands (1994–2014). The analysis shows that parties tend to put questions to ministers whose portfolios are salient to them, in line with issue ownership theories. Moreover they ask questions of both ministers from parties that are ideologically distant and those with whom they have considerable electoral overlap in line with studies of negative campaigning. Show less
Kuijper, W.J.; Verheijen, I.K.A.; Ramcharan, A.; Plicht, J. van der; Kolfschoten, M. van 2017
