There has been little attention to personality in research on school refusal (SR). This study examined personality traits among 41 adolescents receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) during... Show moreThere has been little attention to personality in research on school refusal (SR). This study examined personality traits among 41 adolescents receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) during participation in a School Refusal Program. Traits were examined via clinical scales and 2-point code types derived from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent. The influence of personality traits on treatment outcome was examined at post-treatment and 1-year follow-up. At pretreatment, eight of the 10 clinical scales were disproportionately skewed toward the "high to very high" range relative to a norm group. Social introversion and depressive symptomatology were significantly increased relative to the norm group, and nearly one-half of the adolescents were characterized by code type 2-3/3-2 (depression/hysteria) or 2-0/0-2 (depression/social introversion). Adolescents characterized by a 2-0/0-2 code type were almost twice as likely (odds ratio = 1.78) to be treatment responders at post-treatment. There was no relation between personality traits and treatment outcome at follow-up. The small sample size limits generalization of the study's findings. If the results are replicated, personality traits may provide useful indications for personalizing treatment when employing interventions recommended in CBT manuals for SR. Show less
Colins, O.F.; Roetman, P.J.; Lopez-Romero, L.; Andershed, H. 2020
This is the first study that tested the psychometric properties of the Child Problematic Traits Inventory (CPTI) in clinic-referred children (ages 6-13 years). Teachers (N= 159) and parents (N= 173... Show moreThis is the first study that tested the psychometric properties of the Child Problematic Traits Inventory (CPTI) in clinic-referred children (ages 6-13 years). Teachers (N= 159) and parents (N= 173) completed the CPTI and various other measures. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the CPTI's three-factor structure when teachers and parents rated the 28 CPTI items. Teacher- and parent-reported CPTI scores showed the expected relations with external correlates (e.g., conduct problems and proactive aggression). Crucially, the validity of the CPTI scores was also supported across informants (i.e., when linking teacher-reported CPTI scores to parent-reported external correlates, and vice versa) and across methods (i.e., regardless if a questionnaire or a diagnostic interview was used to measure external correlates). We conclude that the CPTI holds promise as a research tool for assessing psychopathic traits in clinic-referred children. Until our findings have been replicated and extended, the CPTI should not be used for clinical decision making. Show less
Objectives:An association between tinnitus distress with anxiety and depression is described in literature. A similar relationship might exist between tinnitus distress and personality traits,... Show moreObjectives:An association between tinnitus distress with anxiety and depression is described in literature. A similar relationship might exist between tinnitus distress and personality traits, especially since associations between personality traits and other chronic diseases are already revealed. In this systematic review, we aim to investigate whether personality is a risk factor for tinnitus distress. Design:We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases from inception up to December 31, 2018 for articles on the association between tinnitus distress and personality. Two researchers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts for eligibility. Directness of evidence and risk of bias were assessed. From the included studies, study characteristics and outcome data of tinnitus distress and personality traits were extracted. Results:A total of 323 unique articles were screened of which 11 cross-sectional studies were eligible for critical appraisal and were used for data extraction. Including study populations were heterogenous, and studies scored high to moderate risk of bias. Nine out of 11 articles showed an association between tinnitus distress and the personality of neuroticism. Conclusions:By limitations in the methodology of included studies, the evidence on specific personality traits as a risk factor for tinnitus distress is inconclusive. Some evidence on a positive association with neuroticism is identified. To draw conclusions about causal relations, these further studies should be of longitudinal design in a cohort setting. These studies should assess tinnitus distress using validated questionnaires with multiple personality dimensions and validated questionnaires to assess personality traits. Show less
Stevanovic, A.; Franciskovic, T.; Vermetten, E. 2016
