Background: Low 24-h urinary potassium excretion, reflecting low potassium intake, is associated with premature mortality in the general population. Objectives: To determine whether urinary... Show moreBackground: Low 24-h urinary potassium excretion, reflecting low potassium intake, is associated with premature mortality in the general population. Objectives: To determine whether urinary potassium excretion is associated with all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study in 654 patients with type 2 diabetes in the Diabetes and Lifestyle Cohort Twente (DIALECT). Sex-specific tertiles of 24-h urinary potassium excretion were analyzed in a multivariable Cox regression model with all-cause mortality. The outpatient program of the hospital uses a continuous surveillance system by the municipal registry of death to ensure up-to-date information on the patient's status (alive or deceased). FFQs were used to study associations between urinary potassium excretion and food products. Results: Urinary potassium excretion at baseline was 84 & PLUSMN; 25 mmol/d in males and 65 & PLUSMN; 22 mmol/d in females, corresponding to estimated potassium intakes of 4250 & PLUSMN; 1270 mg/d and 3300 & PLUSMN; 875 mg/d. During a median follow-up of 5.2 (IQR: 2.7-7.9] y, 96 participants died. In a fully adjusted model, patients in the lowest sex-specific tertile had a higher risk of all-cause mortality, compared with patients in the highest sex-specific tertile (HR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.06, 4.10; P = 0.03). Patients in the lowest sex-specific tertile consumed fewer fruits and vegetables, dairy, coffee, and potato products compared with patients in the highest sex-specific tertile (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Low potassium intake is associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality in Dutch patients with type 2 diabetes. Intervention studies are needed to determine whether potassium supplementation improves longevity in patients with type 2 diabetes. This trial was registered in the as NTR trial code 5855. Show less
Objective: We aimed to validate a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Dutch pregnant women, against three 24 h-recalls and blood concentrations of B-vitamins and fatty acids, using the method of... Show moreObjective: We aimed to validate a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Dutch pregnant women, against three 24 h-recalls and blood concentrations of B-vitamins and fatty acids, using the method of triads. Methods: We included 83 pregnant women from the general population of Rotterdam, the Netherlands, at a median gestational age of 15.6 weeks. Participants completed three non-consecutive 24 h-recalls, and subsequently filled out the 293-item FFQ. Participants provided blood samples from which we analyzed serum folate and vitamin B12, as well as red blood cell folate, linoleic acid, and total saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Results: Estimated energy intake did not differ between the FFQ and 24 h-recalls. Deattenuated Pearson's correlation coefficients, between energy-adjusted nutrient intake estimates from the FFQ and the 24 h-recalls, ranged from 0.41 (fat) to 0.88 (fiber) for macronutrients, and were around 0.6 for most micronutrients, except for vitamin E (0.27). Using the triad method, we obtained validity coefficients of 0.86 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.36, 1.00) for serum folate, 0.86 (95% CI 0.18, 1.00) for red blood cell folate, and 1.00 (95% CI 0.42, 1.00) for vitamin B12. Validity coefficients for serum fatty acids ranged from 0.22 to 0.67. Conclusion: This FFQ is a reliable tool for estimating intake of energy, macronutrients, folate and vitamin B12 among women in mid-pregnancy. Show less
