Indian Buddhist literary sources contain both systematic and casual rejections of, broadly speaking, the caste system and caste discrimination. However, they also provide ample evidence for,... Show moreIndian Buddhist literary sources contain both systematic and casual rejections of, broadly speaking, the caste system and caste discrimination. However, they also provide ample evidence for, possibly subconscious, discriminatory attitudes toward outcastes, prototypically caṇḍālas. The rhetoric found in Indian Buddhist literature regarding caṇḍālas is examined in this paper. Show less
The GDPR aims to control the risks associated with the processing of personal data. It requires measures to minimise these risks and gives data subjects certain powers, such as the rights to be... Show moreThe GDPR aims to control the risks associated with the processing of personal data. It requires measures to minimise these risks and gives data subjects certain powers, such as the rights to be informed and to be forgotten. Big data is a relatively new technology, giving the controllers of data the power to permanently observe the users of digital services. Therefore this thesis answers the question whether the GDPR is suited to avert the risks and power shifts associated with big data. To answer this question, the GDPR is compared to earlier EU legislation associated with technological risks and power shifts. Additionally, the suitability of the GDPR’s anti-discrimination provisions are evaluated for the prevention of algorithmic discrimination. Results: The GDPR is not based on any discernible analysis of the risks of big data. Methods from EU environmental protection law and consumer protection law, aimed at technological risks and power shifts, were not applied. This can make evaluation of the GDPR’s effectiveness more difficult and could stand in the way of developing a coherent body of case law. The conclusion proposes a number of guidelines for the decision of court cases and points for evaluating the GDPR. Show less
Discrimination is often used to increase public perceptions of group distinctiveness. The current research studied the effectiveness of third party helping as an alternative, more benign strategy... Show moreDiscrimination is often used to increase public perceptions of group distinctiveness. The current research studied the effectiveness of third party helping as an alternative, more benign strategy to this end. Across four studies, we examined whether helping a third party can position the helping group as more distinct from, or more similar to, a comparison group, depending on the nature of the comparison group’s relationship with the third party. Results from three studies showed that third party helping was as effective as discrimination of the comparison group, but third party helping elicited a more positive public image of the group compared with discrimination. Study 4 provided evidence for the spontaneous use of third party helping in response to distinctiveness threat. These findings extend insights from classic balance theories and research on strategic intergroup helping to the domain of intergroup differentiation, and highlight a benign strategy to achieve positive group distinctiveness. Show less
