Objectives Overcrowding in acute care services gives rise to major problems, such as reduced accessibility and delay in treatment. In order to be able to continue providing high-quality health care... Show moreObjectives Overcrowding in acute care services gives rise to major problems, such as reduced accessibility and delay in treatment. In order to be able to continue providing high-quality health care, it is important that organizations are well integrated at all organizational levels. The objective of this study was to to gain an understanding in which extent cooperation within an urban acute care network in the Netherlands (The Hague) improved because of the COVID-19 crisis. Methods Exploratory mixed-methods questionnaire and qualitative interview study. Semistructured interviews with stakeholders in the acute care network at micro (n = 10), meso (n = 9), and macro (n = 3) levels of organization. Thematic analysis took place along the lines of the 6 dimensions of the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care. Results In this study we identified themes that may act as barriers or facilitators to cooperation: communication, interaction, trust, leadership, interests, distribution of care, and funding. During the crisis many facilitators were identified at clinical, professional, and system level such as clear agreements about work processes, trust in each other's work, and different stakeholders growing closer together. However, at an organizational and communicative level there were many barriers such as interference in each other's work and a lack of clear policies. Conclusion The driving force behind all changes in integration of acute care organizations in an urban context during the COVID-19 crisis seemed to be a great sense of urgency to cooperate in the shared interest of providing the best patient care. We recommend shifting the postcrisis focus from overcoming the crisis to overcoming cooperative challenges. Show less
Humans are considered a highly cooperative species. Through cooperation, we can tackle shared problems like climate change or pandemics and cater for shared needs like shelter, mobility, or... Show moreHumans are considered a highly cooperative species. Through cooperation, we can tackle shared problems like climate change or pandemics and cater for shared needs like shelter, mobility, or healthcare. However, cooperation invites free-riding and can eas- ily break down. Maybe because of this reason, societies also en- able individuals to solve shared problems individually, like in the case of private healthcare plans or private retirement planning. Such “self-reliance” allows individuals to avoid problems related to public goods provision, like free-riding or underprovision, and decreases social interdependence. However, not everyone can equally afford to be self-reliant, and amid shared problems, self- reliance may lead to conflicts within groups on how to solve shared problems. In two preregistered studies, we investigate how the ability of self-reliance influences collective action and co- operation. We show that self-reliance crowds out cooperation and exacerbates inequality, especially when some heavily depend on collective action while others do not. However, we also show that groups are willing to curtail their ability of self-reliance. When given the opportunity, groups overwhelmingly vote in favor of abolishing individual solutions to shared problems, which, in turn, increases cooperation and decreases inequality, particularly be- tween group members that differ in their ability to be self- reliant. The support for such endogenously imposed interdepen- dence, however, reduces when individual solutions become more affordable, resonating with findings of increased individualism in wealthier societies and suggesting a link between wealth inequal- ity and favoring individual independence and freedom over communalism and interdependence. Show less
Gross, J.; Leib, M.; Offerman, T.; Shalvi, S. 2018
Corruption is often the product of coordinated rule violations. Here, we investigated how such corrupt collaboration emerges and spreads when people can choose their partners versus when they... Show moreCorruption is often the product of coordinated rule violations. Here, we investigated how such corrupt collaboration emerges and spreads when people can choose their partners versus when they cannot. Participants were assigned a partner and could increase their payoff by coordinated lying. After several interactions, they were either free to choose whether to stay with or switch their partner or forced to stay with or switch their partner. Results reveal that both dishonest and honest people exploit the freedom to choose a partner. Dishonest people seek a partner who will also lie—a “partner in crime.” Honest people, by contrast, engage in ethical free riding: They refrain from lying but also from leaving dishonest partners, taking advantage of their partners’ lies. We conclude that to curb collaborative corruption, relying on people’s honesty is insufficient. Encouraging honest individuals not to engage in ethical free riding is essential. Show less
Koster, N.N.; Leun, J.P. van der; Kunst, M.J.J. 2018
Previous research suggests that perceived negative treatment by police officers may have consequences for victims’ willingness to share information with the police. This might explain why... Show morePrevious research suggests that perceived negative treatment by police officers may have consequences for victims’ willingness to share information with the police. This might explain why particularly repeat victims are less likely to cooperate with the police. The current study explores why this would be true by conducting in-depth interviews with 32 crime victims who had recently reported their victimisation of property crime or violent crime to the police. Results indicate that victims of both types of crime had similar thoughts on what was deemed fair treatment. Victims who were deeply touched by the crime and/or the offender thought it was also important that the police took a clear-stance against the crime. While rapid case handling seemed to be more important for property crime victims than police officers’ investigative actions and the outcome, victims of violent crime expected the police to find the offender to make it clear to the offender that such (law-breaking) behaviour was not tolerated. When victims of violent crime felt that the police had failed in this task, they would feel abandoned by the police. This feeling had not only negative consequences for these victims’ willingness to cooperate, but could even lead to feelings of vigilantism, particularly among victims of violent crime who knew their offender. Implications for policy and future research are discussed. Show less
