Background:Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation has been associated with coronary inflammation and can be evaluated with coronary computed tomography angiography. The aims of this study... Show moreBackground:Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation has been associated with coronary inflammation and can be evaluated with coronary computed tomography angiography. The aims of this study were to compare the PCAT attenuation across precursors of culprit and nonculprit lesions of patients with acute coronary syndrome versus stable coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: In this case-control study, patients with suspected CAD who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography were included. Patients who developed an acute coronary syndrome within 2 years after the coronary computed tomography angiography scan were identified, and patients with stable CAD (defined as any coronary plaque >= 30% luminal diameter stenosis) were 1:2 propensity score matched for age, sex, and cardiac risk factors. The mean PCAT attenuation was analyzed at lesion level and compared between precursors of culprit lesions, nonculprit lesions, and stable coronary plaques.Results: In total, 198 patients (age 62 +/- 10 years, 65% male) were selected, including 66 patients who developed an acute coronary syndrome and 132 propensity matched patients with stable CAD. Overall, 765 coronary lesions were analyzed (culprit lesion precursors: n=66; nonculprit lesion precursors: n=207; and stable lesions: n=492). Culprit lesion precursors had larger total plaque volume, fibro-fatty plaque volume, and low-attenuation plaque volume compared to nonculprit and stable lesions. The mean PCAT attenuation was significantly higher across culprit lesion precursors compared to nonculprit and stable lesions (-63.8 +/- 9.7 Hounsfield units versus -68.8 +/- 10.6 Hounsfield units versus -69.6 +/- 10.6 Hounsfield units, respectively; P<0.001), whereas the mean PCAT attenuation around nonculprit and stable lesions was not significantly different (P=0.99).Conclusions: The mean PCAT attenuation is significantly increased across culprit lesion precursors in patients with acute coronary syndrome, compared to nonculprit lesions of these patients and to lesions of patients with stable CAD, which may suggest a higher intensity of inflammation. PCAT attenuation on coronary computed tomography angiography may be a novel marker to identify high-risk plaques. Show less
Aims To provide a pooled estimation of contemporary pre-test probabilities (PTPs) of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) across clinical patient categories, re-evaluate the utility of the... Show moreAims To provide a pooled estimation of contemporary pre-test probabilities (PTPs) of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) across clinical patient categories, re-evaluate the utility of the application of diagnostic techniques according to such estimates, and propose a comprehensive diagnostic technique selection tool for suspected CAD.Methods and results Estimates of significant CAD prevalence across sex, age, and type of chest pain categories from three large-scale studies were pooled (n = 15 815). The updated PTPs and diagnostic performance profiles of exercise electrocardiogram, invasive coronary angiography, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), positron emission tomography (PET), stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), and SPECT were integrated to define the PTP ranges in which ruling-out CAD is possible with a post-test probability of <10% and <5%. These ranges were then integrated in a new colour-coded tabular diagnostic technique selection tool. The Bayesian relationship between PTP and the rate of diagnostic false positives was explored to complement the characterization of their utility. Pooled CAD prevalence was 14.9% (range = 1-52), clearly lower than that used in current clinical guidelines. Ruling-out capabilities of non-invasive imaging were good overall. The greatest ruling-out capacity (i.e. post-test probability <5%) was documented by CCTA, PET, and stress CMR. With decreasing PTP, the fraction of false positive findings rapidly increased, although a lower CAD prevalence partially cancels out such effect.Conclusion The contemporary PTP of significant CAD across symptomatic patient categories is substantially lower than currently assumed. With a low prevalence of the disease, non-invasive testing can rarely rule-in the disease and focus should shift to ruling-out obstructive CAD. The large proportion of false positive findings must be taken into account when patients with low PTP are investigated. Show less
