AimsWe sought to evaluate the mechanism of angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril/valsartan therapy and compare it with a valsartan-only control group in patients with heart... Show moreAimsWe sought to evaluate the mechanism of angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril/valsartan therapy and compare it with a valsartan-only control group in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsThe study was a phase IV, prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study in patients with New York Heart Association class II–III heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35%. During a 6-week run-in period, all patients received valsartan therapy, which was up-titrated to the highest tolerated dose level (80 mg bid or 160 mg bid) and then randomized to either valsartan or sacubitril/valsartan. Myocardial oxygen consumption, energetic efficiency of cardiac work, cardiac and systemic haemodynamics were quantified using echocardiography and 11C-acetate positron emission tomography before and after 6 weeks of therapy (on stable dose) in 55 patients (ARNI group: n = 27, mean age 63 ± 10 years, LVEF 29.2 ± 10.4%; and valsartan-only control group: n = 28, mean age 64 ± 8 years, LVEF 29.0 ± 7.3%; all p = NS). The energetic efficiency of cardiac work remained unchanged in both treatment arms. However, both diastolic (−4.5 mmHg; p = 0.026) and systolic blood pressure (−9.8 mmHg; p = 0.0007), myocardial perfusion (−0.054 ml/g/min; p = 0.045), and left ventricular mechanical work (−296; p = 0.038) decreased significantly in the ARNI group compared to the control group. Although myocardial oxygen consumption decreased in the ARNI group (−5.4%) compared with the run-in period and remained unchanged in the control group (+0.5%), the between-treatment group difference was not significant (p = 0.088).ConclusionsWe found no differences in the energetic efficiency of cardiac work between ARNI and valsartan-only groups in HFrEF patients. However, ARNI appears to have haemodynamic and cardiac mechanical effects over valsartan in heart failure patients. Show less
Purpose: To develop and validate a non-contrast free-breathing whole-heart 3D cine steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence with a novel 3D radial leaf trajectory. Methods: We used a... Show morePurpose: To develop and validate a non-contrast free-breathing whole-heart 3D cine steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence with a novel 3D radial leaf trajectory. Methods: We used a respiratory navigator to trigger acquisition of 3D cine data at end-expiration to minimize respiratory motion in our 3D cine SSFP sequence. We developed a novel 3D radial leaf trajectory to reduce gradient jumps and associated eddy-current artifacts. We then reconstructed the 3D cine images with a resolution of 2.0mm3 using an iterative nonlinear optimization algorithm. Prospective validation was performed by comparing ventricular volumetric measurements from a conventional breath-hold 2D cine ventricular short-axis stack against the non-contrast free-breathing whole-heart 3D cine dataset in each patient (n = 13). Results: All 3D cine SSFP acquisitions were successful and mean scan time was 07:09 +/- 01:31 min. End-diastolic ventricular volumes for left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) measured from the 3D datasets were smaller than those from 2D (LV: 159.99 +/- 42.99 vs. 173.16 +/- 47.42; RV: 180.35 +/- 46.08 vs. 193.13 +/- 49.38; p-value <= 0.044; bias<8%), whereas ventricular end-systolic volumes were more comparable (LV: 79.12 +/- 26.78 vs. 78.46 +/- 25.35; RV: 97.18 +/- 32.35 vs. 102.42 +/- 32.53; p-value >= 0.190, bias<6%). The 3D cine data had a lower subjective image quality score. Conclusion: Our non-contrast free-breathing whole-heart 3D cine sequence with novel leaf trajectory was robust and yielded smaller ventricular end-diastolic volumes compared to 2D cine imaging. It has the potential to make examinations easier and more comfortable for patients. Show less
Moghari, M.H.; Geest, R.J. van der; Brighenti, M.; Powell, A.J. 2020
Purpose: Current cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) examinations require expert planning, multiple breath holds, and 2D imaging. To address this, we sought to develop and validate a... Show morePurpose: Current cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) examinations require expert planning, multiple breath holds, and 2D imaging. To address this, we sought to develop and validate a comprehensive free -breathing 3D cine function and flow CMR examination using a steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence to depict anatomy fused with a spatially registered phase contrast (PC) sequence for blood flow analysis.Methods: In a prospective study, 25 patients underwent a CMR examination which included a 3D cine SSFP sequence and a 3D cine PC (also known as 4D flow) sequence acquired during free-breathing and after the administration of a gadolinium-based contrast agent. Both 3D sequences covered the heart and mediastinum, and used retrospective vectorcardiogram gating (20 phases/beat interpolated to 30 phases/beat) and prospective respiratory motion compensation confining data acquisition to end-expiration. Cardiovascular measurements derived from the 3D cine SSFP and PC images were then compared with those from standard 2D imaging.Results: All 3D cine SSFP and PC acquisitions were completed successfully. The mean time for the 3D cine sequences including prescription was shorter than that for the corresponding 2D sequences (21 min vs. 36 min, P-value < 0.001). Left and right ventricular end-diastolic volumes and stroke volumes by 3D cine SSFP were slightly smaller than those from 2D cine SSFP (all biases <= 5%). The blood flow measurements from the 3D and 2D sequences had close agreement in the ascending aorta (bias -2.6%) but main pulmonary artery flow was lower with the 3D cine sequence (bias -11.2%).Conclusion: Compared to the conventional 2D cine approach, a comprehensive 3D cine function and flow examination was faster and yielded slightly lower left and right end-diastolic volumes, stroke volumes, and main pulmonary artery blood flow. This free-breathing 3D cine approach allows flexible post-examination data analysis and has the potential to make examinations more comfortable for patients and easier to perform for the operator. Show less
Objective: Little is known about the course of echocardiographic parameters used for the evaluation of valvular heart disease (VHD) during pregnancy, hampering interpretation of possible changes ... Show moreObjective: Little is known about the course of echocardiographic parameters used for the evaluation of valvular heart disease (VHD) during pregnancy, hampering interpretation of possible changes (physiological vs. pathophysiological). Therefore we studied the course of these parameters and ventricular function in pregnant women with aortic and pulmonary VHD.Methods: The cohort comprised 66 pregnant women enrolled in the prospective ZAHARA studies or evaluated by an identical protocol who had pulmonary VHD or aortic VHD (stenosis/prosthetic valve). The control group comprised 46 healthy pregnant women. Echocardiography was performed preconception, during pregnancy and 1 year postpartum. Peak gradient, mean gradient, aortic valve area (AVA)/effective orifice area (EOA), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and right ventricular function (RVF; TAPSE) were assessed.Results: Peak and mean gradients increased during pregnancy compared to preconception inwomen with aortic VHD and controls (p < 0.0125), but not in women with pulmonary VHD. AVA/EOA remained unchanged. Preconception and postpartum gradients were comparable in all groups. Mean LVEF was normal in pregnant women with VHD and controls. Mean TAPSE was lower (p < 0.001) in women with pulmonary VHD compared to women with aortic VHD and controls (<20 mm vs. >= 23 mm; p < 0.001). In women with pulmonary VHD a decrease of TAPSE was observed during pregnancy (p = 0.005).Conclusion: Physiological changes during pregnancy lead to increased Doppler gradients in women with aortic VHD. This increase was not found inwomen with pulmonary VHD, probably caused by impaired RVF. Therefore, evaluation of RVF during pregnancy might be important to prevent underestimation of the degree of stenosis. (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Show less
Hartog, A.W. den; Franken, R.; Berg, M.P. van den; Zwinderman, A.H.; Timmermans, J.; Scholte, A.J.; ... ; Groenink, M. 2016
The introductory chapter provides an overview of various aspects related to quantitative analysis of cardiovascular MR (CMR) imaging studies. Subsequently, the thesis describes several automated... Show moreThe introductory chapter provides an overview of various aspects related to quantitative analysis of cardiovascular MR (CMR) imaging studies. Subsequently, the thesis describes several automated methods for quantitative assessment of left ventricular function from CMR imaging studies. Several novel computer algorithms are introduced and validated for automated segmentation of short-axis CMR images and validated by comparing functional results derived from automated segmentation with results derived from manually traced contours. In addition an automated method is presented for assessment of flow through the aorta based on Phase-Contrast flow velocity mapping MRI. Finally a method is presented for accurate assessment of the thickness of the left ventricular myocardium taking advantage of the three-dimensional nature of MRI. Show less
