This is a study on the Dutch private law doctrine of the indivisibility of the security rights pledge (pand) and hypothec (hypotheek). It deals with the roots of this doctrine in roman law, ius... Show moreThis is a study on the Dutch private law doctrine of the indivisibility of the security rights pledge (pand) and hypothec (hypotheek). It deals with the roots of this doctrine in roman law, ius commune and French customary law. Show less
In current Dutch law, a concurrence of actions is possible between the rei vindicatio and the action to recover an undue payment (‘vordering uit onverschuldigde betaling’). From a historical point... Show moreIn current Dutch law, a concurrence of actions is possible between the rei vindicatio and the action to recover an undue payment (‘vordering uit onverschuldigde betaling’). From a historical point of view, though, this concurrence is remarkable. In Roman law, the rei vindicatio and the condictio—the historical precursor of the modern actio to recover an undue payment—were opposites: whereas the rei vindicatio was based on the plaintiff’s ownership of an object, the condictio was based on the defendant’s obligation to transfer ownership to the plaintiff. Consequently, concurrence of these actions was, barring a few—but noteworthy—exceptions, impossible. This book explores the development of the condictio in relation to the rei vindicatio. As part of this development, the requirement that transfer of ownership is only possible when a valid title (iusta causa) is present—and the question what actually constitutes a iusta causa—plays an important role. Consecutively, attention is given to Roman law, the ius commune, and the enactment of the modern codifications in Germany, Switzerland, France, and the Netherlands. (Contains a summary in German; Mit einer Zusammenfassung auf Deutsch.) Show less
Scattered throughout the Digest of Justinian are 38 reports of court cases judged by the emperor Septimius Severus (193-211 CE) in the quality of highest judicial instance in the Roman empire.... Show moreScattered throughout the Digest of Justinian are 38 reports of court cases judged by the emperor Septimius Severus (193-211 CE) in the quality of highest judicial instance in the Roman empire. These reports have been excerpted out of what seem to be two different works of the Roman jurist Julius Paulus: the Decretorum libri tres and the Imperialium sententiarum in cognitionibus prolatarum libri sex. Paul’s collections are unique. No other Roman jurist has ever published a similar collection of imperial judicial decisions. Moreover, Paul’s descriptions are exceptionally detailed. Not only does he describe the proceedings at the imperial court, but he also mentions the deliberations between the emperor and his advisory council afterwards. Consequently, his reports offer a unique insight in the decision making-process at the highest level of the imperial bureaucracy. The aim of this study is to gain a better perspective on the judicial activities of Septimius Severus by means of a legal and contextual analysis of Paul’s case reports and to relate these activities to the constitutional, institutional and historical context in which the judgments of Severus and, subsequently, the works of Paul came into being. This examination of the interaction between content and context makes it possible to discover the motives underlying Paul’s publication of the judicial decisions of Severus. Show less
This book focuses on the observationes tumultuariae of Cornelis van Bijnkershoek and the observationes tumultuariae novae of his son-in-law Willem Pauw. Between 1704 and 1787, therefore during... Show moreThis book focuses on the observationes tumultuariae of Cornelis van Bijnkershoek and the observationes tumultuariae novae of his son-in-law Willem Pauw. Between 1704 and 1787, therefore during virtually the entire eighteenth century, both these judges and presidents of the Supreme Court of Holland, Zeeland and West Friesland recorded their opinions about the judgements of the Supreme Court on paper for their own personal use. There are a total of more than five thousand observationes, of which 186 relate in full or in part to commercial partnerships. This book describes these specific cases of commercial partnerships the Court dealt with, the rise of corporations, and company law in general. Show less
In several continental Western European legal systems, a person may be liable in person or through his property for payment of a debt which is not his. Both personal surety and a pledge which has... Show moreIn several continental Western European legal systems, a person may be liable in person or through his property for payment of a debt which is not his. Both personal surety and a pledge which has been alienated by its owner come to mind. Under such circumstances, the question rises whether a creditor can attach the surety or the pledge before seeking payment from the debtor. According to classical Roman law, the creditor had a right to choose. However, emperor Justinian changed the law in this regard, forcing the creditor to first seek recourse against his debtor, even to the point of insolvency proceedings. This rule later became known as the ‘beneficium ordinis’ or ‘beneficium excussionis / discussionis’. Over the ages, the rule has come under severe attack, which resulted in it either being abandoned or modified, so as not to interfere with creditors’ rights. The author tracks these developments through the medieval European ‘ius commune’ into French law, Roman-Dutch law and modern Dutch law. The latter has extended the rule in 1992 for real security interests, while at the same time abandoning it for sureties. It is asserted that this was a mistake and the rule should be abolished entirely. Show less
De moderne rechten van pand en hypotheek zijn zogeheten accessoire rechten: zij zijn afhankelijk van de vordering van de kredietgever tot terugbetaling van de geldlening. Dit blijkt bijvoorbeeld... Show moreDe moderne rechten van pand en hypotheek zijn zogeheten accessoire rechten: zij zijn afhankelijk van de vordering van de kredietgever tot terugbetaling van de geldlening. Dit blijkt bijvoorbeeld uit het feit dat bij een volledige aflossing van de schuld, het zekerheidsrecht van rechtswege vervalt. In het proefschrift is nader onderzocht op welke wijzen de accessori_teit van het goederenrechtelijke zekerheidsrecht tot uitdrukking komt. De moderne rechten van pand en hypotheek alsmede het beginsel van accessori_teit vinden hun oorsprong in het Romeinse recht. Dit rechtsstelsel staat daarom centraal in het proefschrift. Tegen de achtergrond van de Romeinsrechtelijke voorstellingswijze van het verschijnsel accessori_teit kunnen de problemen die de huidige financieringspraktijk ondervindt, inzichtelijk worden gemaakt. Show less
