Background: Considerable interindividual variation in meniscal microvascularization has been reported. The purpose of this review was to identify which patient characteristics affect meniscal... Show moreBackground: Considerable interindividual variation in meniscal microvascularization has been reported. The purpose of this review was to identify which patient characteristics affect meniscal microvascularization and provide a structured overview of angiogenic ther-apies that influence meniscal neovascularization.Methods: A systematic literature search was undertaken using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library and Emcare from inception to November 2021. Studies reporting on (1) Patient characteristics that affect meniscal microvascularization, or (2) Therapies that induce neovascularization in meniscal tissue were included. Studies were graded in quality using the Anatomical Quality Assessment (AQUA) tool. The study was registered with PROSPERO(ID:CRD42021242479).Results: Thirteen studies reported on patient characteristics and eleven on angiogenic ther-apies. The influence of Age, Degenerative knee, Gender, and Race was reported. Age is the most studied factor. The entire meniscus is vascularized around birth. With increasing age, vascularization decreases from the inner to the peripheral margin. Around 11 years, blood vessels are primarily located in the peripheral third of the menisci. There seems to be a fur-ther decrease in vascularization with increasing age in adults, yet conflicting literature exists. Degenerative changes of the knee also seem to influence meniscal vascularization, but evidence is limited. Angiogenic therapies to improve meniscal vascularization have only been studied in preclinical setting. The use of synovial flap transplantation, stem cell therapy, vascular endothelial growth factor, and angiogenin has shown promising results.Conclusion: To decrease failure rates of meniscal repair, a better understanding of patient -specific vascular anatomy is essential. Translational clinical research is needed to investi-gate the clinical value of angiogenic therapies.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Show less
This dissertation explores the ability of commercial parties to obtain the very thing they bargained for under the contract law of the Netherlands, Singapore and China. It does so by analysing the... Show moreThis dissertation explores the ability of commercial parties to obtain the very thing they bargained for under the contract law of the Netherlands, Singapore and China. It does so by analysing the extent to which respective contract law principles balance out the interests of parties to a commercial sales contract in the principles surrounding the enforceability of performance obligations. Attention is also paid to the approaches taken by global and regional sales and contract law instruments. Show less
