This thesis advances the scope of DWI in MRI, with a particular focus on water/fat separated msh-EPI based on chemical shift encoding. It outlines ways to simplify the data acquisition, boiling it... Show moreThis thesis advances the scope of DWI in MRI, with a particular focus on water/fat separated msh-EPI based on chemical shift encoding. It outlines ways to simplify the data acquisition, boiling it down to the essential, producing diffusion weighted images with chemical shift encoding on top in a very efficient manner. It presents different algorithms for effective water/fat separation and improved image reconstruction. These methods address challenges such as spatial shifts of fat signals and motion-induced shot-to-shot phase variations to improve the image quality and accuracy of DWI, and shows the application in different anatomical regions, such as leg, brain, head-neck and prostate. The research combines advanced modeling techniques, such as SENSE-based approaches and structured low-rank concepts, to achieve superior image quality and make significant contributions to the application of DWI in potential clinical diagnostics. Show less
This article explores how Dortmund’s municipal government propagated a concept of city-citizenship and belonging for new arrivals by mediating between expellee, refugee and migrant communities and ... Show moreThis article explores how Dortmund’s municipal government propagated a concept of city-citizenship and belonging for new arrivals by mediating between expellee, refugee and migrant communities and ‘native’ civil society in the 1940s-1950s. The devastation of Dortmund during the Second World War, and the housing and energy shortages that followed, meant that the arrival of over a hundred thousand expellees and refugees in 1945–1960 placed severe strains on municipal resources while exacerbating conflicts between ‘native’ Dortmunders and new arrivals. The success of the Social Democratic Party (spd) in building a hegemonic position in postwar politics and administration by the late 1940s facilitated the coordination of municipal efforts to foster inter-community relations and introduce new populations to city life. Within the city council and government, in expellee meetings, and in municipal events we observe sustained municipal efforts to 1) exert social control over expellee/refugee arrivals to deflect anger at the poor conditions of the reconstruction period away from municipal officials and 2) inculcate taboos based on peace and democratic norms to delegitimise the politics of inter-community resentment. It concludes by tracing how official narratives and municipal practices constructed in the 1940s-50s were redeployed during the arrival of guest workers in the 1960s. Show less
The role of municipalities in migrant integration in post-war European history has largely slipped below the radar in previous migration research. Our special issue presents case studies on how... Show moreThe role of municipalities in migrant integration in post-war European history has largely slipped below the radar in previous migration research. Our special issue presents case studies on how Bristol, Dortmund, Malmö, Mannheim, Stuttgart and Utrecht managed migrant influxes from the mid-1940s to 1960s. Following interdisciplinary advances in local migration studies, our urban histories take a diversity of approaches, present diverse temporalities, and uncover municipal responses that range from generosity to indifference and to outright hostility. In all six cities, despite such diversity in local attitudes and municipal policies, municipal authorities had significant impacts on migrants’ lives. The introductory article explores how our urban perspectives contribute to scholarship on reconstruction and the post-war boom; welfare; democracy and citizenship; and European integration. Using local migration as a lens into postwar European history, we argue, provides important new insights for the historiography of postwar Europe. Show less
In this work the reconstruction of a tau neutrino signal in the KM3NeT detector is discussed. Tau neutrinos leave a two shower signature in the detector, which is a unique signature among all... Show moreIn this work the reconstruction of a tau neutrino signal in the KM3NeT detector is discussed. Tau neutrinos leave a two shower signature in the detector, which is a unique signature among all neutrino interactions. By identifying and reconstructing these tau signatures the KM3NeT detector will be able to distinguish all three neutrino flavors. In addition, cosmic tau neutrinos suffer significantly less from atmospheric backgrounds, makign them ideal messengers for cosmic events. The presented reconstruction is the first tau reconstruction for the KM3NeT detector and resulted in a total expected observation rate of half a tau event per year for one unit of the KM3NeT detector. Show less
Although for some scholars the very possibility of syntactic reconstruction remains dubious, numerous studies have appeared reconstructing a variety of basic elements of Proto-Indo-European syntax... Show moreAlthough for some scholars the very possibility of syntactic reconstruction remains dubious, numerous studies have appeared reconstructing a variety of basic elements of Proto-Indo-European syntax based on evidence available particularly from ancient and/or archaic Indo-European languages. The papers in this volume originate from the Workshop “PIE Syntax and its Development” (Thessaloniki 2011), which aimed to bring together scholars interested in these problems and to shine new light on current research into ancient Indo-European syntax. Special attention was paid to the development of the hypothetical reconstructed features within the documented history of Indo-European languages. Show less
The Central Chadic languages are a diverse and fascinating collection of languages, spoken in Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad. The phonologies of these languages have intrigued linguists since they were... Show moreThe Central Chadic languages are a diverse and fascinating collection of languages, spoken in Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad. The phonologies of these languages have intrigued linguists since they were first studied, due to their minimal sets of phonemic vowels (sometimes only one), complex systems of vowel harmony, and extensive use of palatalized and labialized consonants. Analysis of these languages led to the proposal of phonemic units referred to as ‘prosodies’, which act on both vowels and consonants, allowing Central Chadic phonologies to be described in a neat and succinct way. This study looks at the diverse phonological systems found within Central Chadic, and reconstructs the phonological system of their ancestor language. This system is itself simple and succinct, and includes one phonemic prosody and just three phonemic vowels. The study describes the phonological processes that led from this system to the many phonological systems that are in use today, shedding light both on the history of the languages, and on issues in the analysis of these languages. Show less
Baka, N.; Metz, C.T.; Schultz, C.; Neefjes, L.; Geuns, R.J. van; Lelieveldt, B.P.F.; ... ; Bruijne, M. de 2013
This dissertation addresses the question of what it means to remake everyday life in the shadow of disaster. Focusing on the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, in the years after the devastating Indian... Show moreThis dissertation addresses the question of what it means to remake everyday life in the shadow of disaster. Focusing on the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, in the years after the devastating Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004, it explores how tsunami survivors have been remaking the everyday ever since that moment. Based on ethnographic research in the post-disaster years, the five chapters of this dissertation discuss various dimensions of the remaking of everyday life that were important to the tsunami survivors, including the reconstruction of houses, interactions between survivors, international organizations and the state, the narrative experiences of the tsunami, the process of grieving and its entanglement with Islam, the creation of collective memory and forgetfulness in urban space, and ideas about the future that build on notions of moral and socio-economic improvement. In these chapters the concept of subjectivity is used to show how individuals creatively shape their lives in the context of tremendous social, economic, and political changes. The dissertation concludes that the anthropology of disaster, that has up to now predominantly focused on post-disaster social change and continuity and on structural historical patterns of vulnerability and resilience, can be enriched by ethnographic studies of subjectivity. Show less
In this thesis we consider the problem of reconstructing binary images from their horizontal and vertical projections. We derive various results about stability and boundary length of reconstructions.
This doctoral thesis describes the cultural history of Dutch church architecture in the twentieth century, a period in which more than 5,000 churches were built in the Netherlands. The majority of... Show moreThis doctoral thesis describes the cultural history of Dutch church architecture in the twentieth century, a period in which more than 5,000 churches were built in the Netherlands. The majority of these houses of worship are not listed buildings and suffer from a lack of maintenance. Because of the country’s overwhelming secularization, more and more churches are vacant, for sale or slated for demolition. The absence of any general study of the function and significance of modern churches in the Netherlands complicates the discussion in religious, cultural and political circles about the future of this vulnerable group of buildings. One major factor in the design, decoration and organization of these churches was the liturgical renewal within the Roman Catholic Church and two Protestant religious communities, the Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk and the Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland. The democratic impulse to foster greater participation in services by the congregation had an aesthetic dimension. At the same time, demographic and urban developments put pressure on congregations to construct new churches at a rapid pace. Priests and pastors looked to architects to accommodate their liturgical and pastoral preferences by designing distinctively modern churches. In the late 1960s, both Catholic and Protestant churches became functional houses of worship, drained of their traditional sacred character. Show less
This dissertation investigates A’-dependencies where the dislocated constituent is not transformationally related to the position where it is interpreted. The analysis is carried out within the... Show moreThis dissertation investigates A’-dependencies where the dislocated constituent is not transformationally related to the position where it is interpreted. The analysis is carried out within the Principles & Parameters framework. The first two chapters address relative clauses. Based on a detailed examination of reconstruction, it is argued that German restrictive relatives should be given a Matching Analysis. Chapter three analyzes an alternative to long-distance relativization in German and Dutch where the relative pronoun is governed by the preposition von/van ‘of’ and a resumptive appears instead of a gap in the complement clause. The construction has the hallmarks of an indirect A’-dependency: The external head is interpreted inside the complement clause but cannot be transformationally related to that position. The paradox is resolved by postulating short A’-movement in the matrix clause, operator movement in the complement clause and an ellipsis operation that links the chains. Chapter four analyzes relative clauses in Zurich German. While local relativization is shown to be largely parallel to Standard German, long-distance relativization is reanalyzed in terms of Resumptive Prolepsis. This study is of interest to anyone interested in the syntax of relative clauses, reconstruction, resumption or in the syntax of Standard German, Zurich German and Dutch. Show less
