Background and Aims: Previous trials comparing cyclo-sporine and tacrolimus after liver transplantation (LT) showed conflicting results. Most used trough monitoring for cyclo-sporine (C0), leading... Show moreBackground and Aims: Previous trials comparing cyclo-sporine and tacrolimus after liver transplantation (LT) showed conflicting results. Most used trough monitoring for cyclo-sporine (C0), leading to less accurate dosing than with 2-h monitoring (C2). Only one larger trial compared C2 with tac-rolimus based on trough level (T0) after LT, with similar treat-ed biopsy-proven acute rejection (tBPAR) and graft loss, while a smaller trial had less tBPAR with C2 compared to T0. There-fore, it is still unclear which calcineurin inhibitor is preferred after LT. We aimed to demonstrate superior efficacy (tBPAR), tolerability, and safety of C2 or T0 after first LT. Methods: Patients after first LT were randomized to C2 or T0. tBPAR, patient-and graft survival, safety and tolerability were the main endpoints, with analysis by Fisher test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test. Results: In intention-to- treat analysis 84 patients on C2 and 85 on T0 were included. Cumulative incidence of tBPAR C2 vs. T0 was 17.7% vs. 8.4% at 3 months (p=0.104), and 21.9% vs. 9.7% at 6 and 12 months (p=0.049). One-year cumulative mortality C2 vs. T0 was 15.5% vs. 5.9% (p=0.049) and graft loss 23.8% vs. 9.4% (p=0.015). Serum triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol was lower with T0 than with C2. Incidence of diarrhea in T0 vs, C2 was 64% vs. 31% (p <= 0.001), with no other differences in safety and tolerability. Conclusions: In the first year after LT immunosuppression with T0 leads to less tBPAR and better patient-/re-transplant-free survival as compared to C2. Show less
