This thesis starts with a literature review on the observation of aggression, then describes the development and implementation of an Observation Checklist in 2 Dutch Juvenile Justice Institutions ... Show moreThis thesis starts with a literature review on the observation of aggression, then describes the development and implementation of an Observation Checklist in 2 Dutch Juvenile Justice Institutions (JJI) and concludes with two papers researching the added value of data harvested with this tool, both for risk assessment and cultural sensitive assessment. Show less
Bommel, M.H.D. van; Steenbeek, M.P.; IntHout, J.; Hermens, R.P.M.G.; Hoogerbrugge, N.; Harmsen, M.G.; ... ; Hullu, J.A. de 2022
Objective High cancer risks, as applicable to BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant (PV) carriers, can induce significant cancer concerns. We examined the degree of cancer worry and the course of this... Show moreObjective High cancer risks, as applicable to BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant (PV) carriers, can induce significant cancer concerns. We examined the degree of cancer worry and the course of this worry among BRCA1/2-PV carriers undergoing surgery to prevent ovarian cancer, and identified factors associated with high cancer worry. Methods Cancer worry was evaluated as part of the multicentre, prospective TUBA-study (NCT02321228) in which BRCA1/2-PV carriers choose either novel risk-reducing salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy or standard risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. The Cancer Worry Scale was obtained before and 3 and 12 months after surgery. Cancer worry patterns were analysed using latent class growth analysis and associated factors were identified with regression analysis. Results Of all 577 BRCA1/2-PV carriers, 320 (57%) had high (>= 14) cancer worry pre-surgery, and 54% had lower worry 12 months post-surgery than pre-surgery. Based on patterns over time, BRCA1/2-PV carriers could be classified into three groups: persistently low cancer worry (56%), persistently high cancer worry (6%), and fluctuating, mostly declining, cancer worry (37%). Factors associated with persistently high cancer concerns were age below 35 (BRCA1) or 40 (BRCA2), unemployment, previous breast cancer, lower education and a more recent BRCA1/2-PV diagnosis. Conclusions Some degree of cancer worry is considered normal, and most BRCA1/2-PV carriers have declining cancer worry after gynaecological risk-reducing surgery. However, a subset of these BRCA1/2-PV carriers has persisting major cancer concerns up to 1 year after surgery. They should be identified and potentially offered additional support. Show less
Begeny, C.T.; Breen, J. van; Leach, C.W.; Zomeren, M. van; Lyer, A. 2022
Around the world, protests tied to the Black Lives Matter movement are highlighting myriad forms of unjust treatment that racial and ethnic minorities face, and prompting countries to reckon with... Show moreAround the world, protests tied to the Black Lives Matter movement are highlighting myriad forms of unjust treatment that racial and ethnic minorities face, and prompting countries to reckon with these injustices. When considering racial/ethnic minorities' motivation to engage in these collective actions (alongside allies), it is certainly spurred in part by witnessing and experiencing such unjust treatment. Yet because this intergroup mistreatment commands strong attention (rightly so), less attention has been given to another potential force behind minorities' collective action motivations – the (positive) treatment coming from members of their own racial/ethnic group. Bridging theory on intragroup relations and collective action, in four studies we demonstrate that when racial/ethnic minorities are shown appreciation for the ideas and insights they bring to their group – for instance, when fellow members seek them out for their ideas during conversation; expressions of distinctive treatment – it positively affects their sense of value to the group as a whole, and, in turn, their motivation to engage in collective action. Moreover, we demonstrate how these processes feed into other established explanations for collective action, outlined in the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA; e.g., perceived injustice). We also show that even a single expression of distinctive treatment from a few unknown ingroup members can have positive effects, especially when those members have high standing within the group. Overall, this illustrates the power of the ingroup – how taking opportunities to seek out a fellow member's ideas and perspectives can be a potent force for promoting collective action. Show less
Body dysmorphic disorder and borderline personality disorder are common in esthetic practices and occur in up to 15% of patients. Operating on these patients may not only lead to dissatisfaction... Show moreBody dysmorphic disorder and borderline personality disorder are common in esthetic practices and occur in up to 15% of patients. Operating on these patients may not only lead to dissatisfaction but may also worsen their premorbid condition and can induce negative behavior toward the practice. Preventing surgery and referring patients for cognitive therapy is essential. An adequate understanding of these conditions and the available screening tools is indispensable for all esthetic practitioners. Unrealistic emotional attribution to a facial shape, multiple procedures, a near-normal nose at the outset, childhood trauma, multiple comorbid mental conditions, and social dysfunction are red-flags to consider. Show less
Worldwide, conflicts arise daily as a result of differences of opinion about the outcome of a business valuation and the role of valuation experts. These often lead to lengthy and costly lawsuits,... Show moreWorldwide, conflicts arise daily as a result of differences of opinion about the outcome of a business valuation and the role of valuation experts. These often lead to lengthy and costly lawsuits, the reasons for which are usually sought in technical issues. This thesis, however, focuses on the role of human behavior. More specifically, it examines the extent to which cognitive biases play a role in the assessment of business valuations and valuation experts.Four empirical studies were conducted with entrepreneurs, lawyers and valuation experts. The first three show that stakeholders can be affected by a range of biases, including buyer-seller position effects, anchoring bias, similarity bias, outcome bias, gender bias, and so-called engagement bias. The fourth study concerns a survey among an international group of leading valuation experts with the aim of verifying insights gained in the previous studies. A statement of principles to mitigate cognitive biases in valuation practice is also introduced.The thesis provides empirical insights into the existence of cognitive biases in the context of business valuation and thereby contributes to both practice and theory in this field. It also adds to legal theory with respect to improving our understanding of conflicts. Show less
Spapé, Michiel; Verdonschot, Rinus; Steenbergen, Henk van 2019
E-Prime® is the leading software suite by Psychology Software Tools for designing and running Psychology lab experiments. The E-Primer is the perfect accompanying guide: It provides all the... Show moreE-Prime® is the leading software suite by Psychology Software Tools for designing and running Psychology lab experiments. The E-Primer is the perfect accompanying guide: It provides all the necessary knowledge to make E-Prime accessible to everyone. You can learn the tools of Psychological science by following the E-Primer through a series of entertaining, step-by-step recipes that recreate classic experiments. The updated E-Primer expands its proven combination of simple explanations, interesting tutorials and fun exercises, and makes even the novice student quickly confident to create their dream experiment. Show less
Across four studies, we examine multiple identities in the context of gender and propose that women's attitudes toward gender group membership are governed by two largely orthogonal dimensions of... Show moreAcross four studies, we examine multiple identities in the context of gender and propose that women's attitudes toward gender group membership are governed by two largely orthogonal dimensions of gender identity: identification with women and identification with feminists. We argue that identification with women reflects attitudes toward the content society gives to group membership: what does it mean to be a woman in terms of group characteristics, interests and values? Identification with feminists, on the other hand, is a politicized identity dimension reflecting attitudes toward the social position of the group: what does it mean to be a woman in terms of disadvantage, inequality, and relative status? We examine the utility of this multiple identity approach in four studies. Study 1 showed that identification with women reflects attitudes toward group characteristics, such as femininity and self-stereotyping, while identification with feminists reflects attitudes toward the group's social position, such as perceived sexism. The two dimensions are shown to be largely independent, and as such provide support for the multiple identity approach. In Studies 2–4, we examine the utility of this multiple identity approach in predicting qualitative differences in gender attitudes. Results show that specific combinations of identification with women and feminists predicted attitudes toward collective action and gender stereotypes. Higher identification with feminists led to endorsement of radical collective action (Study 2) and critical attitudes toward gender stereotypes (Studies 3–4), especially at lower levels of identification with women. The different combinations of high vs. low identification with women and feminists can be thought of as reflecting four theoretical identity “types.” A woman can be (1) strongly identified with neither women nor feminists (“low identifier”), (2) strongly identified with women but less so with feminists (“traditional identifier”), (3) strongly identified with both women and feminists (“dual identifier”), or (4) strongly identified with feminists but less so with women (“distinctive feminist”). In sum, by considering identification with women and identification with feminists as multiple identities we aim to show how the multiple identity approach predicts distinct attitudes to gender issues and offer a new perspective on gender identity. Show less
Lines of thought describes the role of visual representations of invisible structures (definition, elements, cognition processes) in medieval texts in the Artes Faculty. By exploring three case... Show moreLines of thought describes the role of visual representations of invisible structures (definition, elements, cognition processes) in medieval texts in the Artes Faculty. By exploring three case studies in the field of logic, natural philosophy and medicine/psychology, the author investigated how medieval diagrams in learned texts were used and valued. She concentrated on scholarly activity in Paris, Oxford and Prague, 1200-1500. Show less
In this thesis, the effect of information-processing overload on working-memory dependent information processing was examined using dual-task paradigms. The experiments described strengthen the... Show moreIn this thesis, the effect of information-processing overload on working-memory dependent information processing was examined using dual-task paradigms. The experiments described strengthen the importance of a functional explanation for dual-task limitations. First, it showed evidence for a unified coding medium (as put forward in the theory of event coding; Hommel, Müsseler, Aschersleben, & Prinz, 2001) in which features, operations and responses are available and can influence each other. Additionally, it was shown that the response to the first of two stimuli is facilitated in case the processes are compatible. Furthermore, it showed that the psychological refractory period and the attentional blink share limitations with respect to a common resource that originates in working memory operation span and that the use of individual differences can aid in examining the relation between the psychological refractory period and the attentional blink. Additionally, it showed that it is plausible that visual-spatial attention, mental rotation and response selection share limitations with respect to a common resource. Finally, research in this thesis showed that processes that can facilitate a response can be simultaneously implemented but not simultaneously executed. Show less
The book contains a unifying theory on how the common object space is metrically transformed by individuals with different transformation parameters, due to their other previous experiences, to... Show moreThe book contains a unifying theory on how the common object space is metrically transformed by individuals with different transformation parameters, due to their other previous experiences, to individually different psychological spaces for judgment on the one hand and preference on the other hand. Individual experiences also change generally, whereby the psychological spaces also change generally for each individual. The theory, therefore, is a psychological relativity theory of perception, judgment, preference, and choice dynamics. This book is a must read for all behavioural, economic, and social scientists with theoretical interest and some understanding of multidimensional data analyses. It integrates more than twenty theories on perception, judgment, preference, and risk decisions into one mathematical theory. Knowledge of advanced mathematics and modern geometry is not needed, because the mathematical subsections can be skipped without loss of understanding, due to their explanation and illustration by figures in the text Show less
The studies described in this thesis had two main aims: 1) To study the quality of life of patients with venous thrombosis and to examine the role of illness perceptions in explaining the quality... Show moreThe studies described in this thesis had two main aims: 1) To study the quality of life of patients with venous thrombosis and to examine the role of illness perceptions in explaining the quality of life of these patients. 2) To assess the psychological consequences of genetic testing for thrombophilia, using the Common-Sense Model (Leventhal et al.., 1984) as a theoretical framework.The studies performed to assess aim 1 form the first part of the thesis and show that the effect of venous thrombosis on quality of life should not be underestimated, even some years after the venous thrombosis. Furthermore, results give an indication that besides the presence of the postthrombotic syndrome, illness perceptions may help to explain quality of life in patients with venous thrombosis.In the second part of the thesis aim 2 is addressed. Genetic testing for thrombophilia does not have many adverse psychological consequences. However, certain vulnerable individuals may still experience considerable worry about getting venous thrombosis. Furthermore, results indicate that the Common-Sense Model can act as a useful framework to enhance understanding of how factors contribute to influence psychological response to risk of disease. Show less
