Contesting the nature of right to resist continues to be of concern to those in power, for it poses the fundamental question about their legitimacy. From to Antigone to the Occupy Wall Street... Show moreContesting the nature of right to resist continues to be of concern to those in power, for it poses the fundamental question about their legitimacy. From to Antigone to the Occupy Wall Street movement, individuals and communities have expressed their grievances and resisted oppression through a myriad of strategies. And although those taking the streets use the language of rights and appeal to a higher law to vindicate their claims, resistance has usually been considered a political, or rather, a security affair. The thesis vindicates the place of the ius resistendi in the normative order and uses legal probe to evince that there are no reasons why it could not be considered a legal right, except for political opportunity. The thesis challenges some basic postulates of liberal legal theories and develops a broader conception of rights, one in which reserved rights are part of a democratic normative system that performs in a manner consistent with its fundamental values. A primary, indeterminate right, the ius resistendi, I contend, embodies the Arendtian right to have rights. Show less
This chapter sets out the overall motivation, context, concepts, and outline of the book. As its motivation, the volume is instigated by a question both compact in its formulation and sweeping in... Show moreThis chapter sets out the overall motivation, context, concepts, and outline of the book. As its motivation, the volume is instigated by a question both compact in its formulation and sweeping in its implications: namely, how are we being governed today? The chapter notes that this question has attracted much creative thought across disciplines and perspectives over recent decades. However, the various approaches have rarely come into a cross-fertilizing conversation with one another. This book aims to effect such a dialogue around the core notion of polycentric governing as well as more specific themes of techniques, power and legitimacy. The chapter distinguishes four broad streams of theorizing polycentric governing: organizational, socio-legal, relational and structural. This fourfold categorization also informs the four-part organization of the book. Show less
How does governing work today? How does society (mis)handle pressing challenges such as armed violence, cultural difference, ecological degradation, economic restructuring, geopolitical shifts,... Show moreHow does governing work today? How does society (mis)handle pressing challenges such as armed violence, cultural difference, ecological degradation, economic restructuring, geopolitical shifts, global pandemics, migration flows, and technological change in ways that are (not) democratic, effective, fair, peaceful, and sustainable? This volume addresses these key questions with reference to the theme of 'polycentrism', i.e. the idea that contemporary governing is dispersed, fluctuating, messy, elusive, and headless. Chapters develop this notion of polycentrism from the perspectives of a broad spectrum of academic disciplines and theoretical approaches, offering comprehensive coverage of exciting new thinking about how today's world is (mis)ruled. The book identifies four paradigms of knowledge about polycentric governing - organizational, legal, relational, and structural - and pursues conversations across the divides that normally keep these approaches within separate research communities. These exceptional inter-paradigm exchanges focus particularly on issues of techniques (how governing is done), power (what forces drive governing), and legitimacy (whether governing is rightful). Comparisons between the multiple perspectives on polycentric governing highlight, and help to clarify, the distinctive emphases, potentials, and limitations of each approach. In addition, various combinations of the different theories generate promising novel avenues of thought about polycentrism. The book will allow readers to develop and refine their own understandings of governing today and hence to become more empowered political subjects. Show less
This chapter reviews and consolidates the findings of the volume. The editors reflect on the contributions and limitations of polycentrism as a core concept for understanding governing today; on... Show moreThis chapter reviews and consolidates the findings of the volume. The editors reflect on the contributions and limitations of polycentrism as a core concept for understanding governing today; on techniques, power and legitimacy as three core issues of polycentric governing; on the typology of organizational, legal, relational and structural theories; and on the methodology of interparadigm dialogue of difference. The chapter also explores possibilities of transcending the typology and combining insights from the four approaches in a more holistic understanding of governing. Show less
Tallberg, J.; Bäckstrand, K.; Scholte, J.A.; Sommerer, T. 2023
This report from the SNS Democracy Council provides a thorough assessment of whether the current system of global governance is fit for purpose. Do current international organizations hold the... Show moreThis report from the SNS Democracy Council provides a thorough assessment of whether the current system of global governance is fit for purpose. Do current international organizations hold the power required to develop, implement, and enforce global policies? Do these institutions wield this power with sufficient effectiveness to reduce transboundary problems? And do they possess legitimacy as governing bodies in the eyes of citizens and elites? This report explores these themes in a comparative perspective, mapping and analyzing patterns across a broad range of international organizations in areas such as development, finance, health, human rights, security, and trade. As an illustration, the report also offers an in-depth analysis of power, effectiveness, and legitimacy in respect of global climate governance. Show less
This chapter charts the position of the European Union (EU) in the global political economy (GPE), identifies key dimensions of change and development, and evaluates the EU’s impact on the... Show moreThis chapter charts the position of the European Union (EU) in the global political economy (GPE), identifies key dimensions of change and development, and evaluates the EU’s impact on the operation of the contemporary GPE. It does so by outlining key ideas in international political economy (IPE), by relating these to the growth of the EU, and by assessing the EU’s role in the GPE in three areas: European integration itself, the EU’s engagement in the GPE, and the EU’s claims to be a major economic power. The final part of the chapter brings these together an examination of global economic governance—in particular, the EU’s role in the financial, multilateral state system with its principles of global governance, and pays some attention to recent crises (such as the Covid-19 pandemic) and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Show less
This paper argues that most applications of political economies risk focusing too one-sidedly on individual power. However, political economies are also about collectively accepted notions on order... Show moreThis paper argues that most applications of political economies risk focusing too one-sidedly on individual power. However, political economies are also about collectively accepted notions on order, symbols and positions that can only exist by virtue of them being socially recognized (Searle 1995). Two examples from Europe's deep past are used to illustrate this. The first is on the role of 'commons' in Bronze Age and Iron Age landscape use. The second is on how collective conventions shape elite burials from the Early Iron Age. Both demonstrate that, in a way, 'power' may come 'from below' (cf. Searle 1995) Show less
The aim of this article is to understand why the EU opted to conclude the ‘EU–Turkey refugee deal’ in March 2016 in the context of the Syrian refugee crisis, despite the fact that the agreement... Show moreThe aim of this article is to understand why the EU opted to conclude the ‘EU–Turkey refugee deal’ in March 2016 in the context of the Syrian refugee crisis, despite the fact that the agreement deeply contradicts fundamental EU values and norms. The article seeks to explain the outcome—the conclusion of the EU–Turkey refugee deal—by analysing not only the ability of EU institutions to shape decisions, but also their motivations, ideas and preferences in justifying the EU’s actions in responding to the refugee challenge. It is argued that the deal results from ideational and power struggles between supranational (the European Parliament and the European Commission) and intergovernmental institutions (the European Council and the Council of the European Union). It is demonstrated that while the former put forward normative arguments, the latter invoked security as a main concern to avoid internal divisions between Member States. This article also reveals that such ideational and power struggles have consequences for the EU’s identity. Theoretically, the article builds on the new intergovernmentalist claims and on the normative/civilian power literature. Empirically, it explores the usage of normative justifications by EU institutions and points to inter-institutional tensions in framing the EU’s response to the refugee challenge. Show less
We present a new general method for constrained likelihood ratio testing which, when few constraints are violated, improves upon the existing approach in the literature that compares the likelihood... Show moreWe present a new general method for constrained likelihood ratio testing which, when few constraints are violated, improves upon the existing approach in the literature that compares the likelihood ratio with the quantile of a mixture of chi-squared distributions; the improvement is in terms of both simplicity and power. The proposed method compares the constrained likelihood ratio statistic against the quantile of only one chi-squared random variable with data-dependent degrees of freedom. The new test is shown to have a valid exact significance level a. It also has more power than the classical approach against alternatives for which the number of violations is not large. We provide more details for testing a simple order mu(1) <= center dot center dot center dot <= mu(p) against all alternatives using the proposed approach and give clear guidelines as to when the new method would be advantageous. A simulation study suggests that for testing a simple order, the new approach is more powerful in many scenarios than the existing method that uses a mixture of chi-squared variables. We illustrate the results of our adaptive procedure using real data on the liquidity preference hypothesis. Show less
Archaeological research on the Gallina (AD 1100–1300) inhabitants of the region west of the Rio Chama and centered on the Llaves valley has focused on constructing a culture history and examining... Show moreArchaeological research on the Gallina (AD 1100–1300) inhabitants of the region west of the Rio Chama and centered on the Llaves valley has focused on constructing a culture history and examining functional characteristics of artifacts and architecture. Limited research has attempted to understand who the residents of the Gallina heartland were. In this article, using new findings and historical contexts, we argue that the Gallina people had a complicated identity forged around resistance and a deep connection to their past. To better understand them we need to move past previous binary categories used to describe them and perceive them not as isolated or connected, aggressors or victims, traditionalists or innovators, but as an intersectional mix of these axes of identity.La investigación arqueológica sobre los habitantes Gallina (1100–1300 d. C.) de la región oeste del Río Chama, focalizada en el valle de Llaves, se orientó en la construcción de una historia cultural y el análisis de las características funcionales de los artefactos y la arquitectura. De hecho, han sido escasas las investigaciones que han intentado entender quiénes eran los residentes del Gallina. En este artículo, utilizando nuevos hallazgos y contextos históricos, argumentamos que los grupos Gallina tuvieron una identidad compleja, forjada en torno a la resistencia y a una profunda conexión con su historia. Asimismo, para entenderlas necesitamos movernos más allá de las tradicionales categorías binarias usadas para interpretarlos y percibirlos como aislados o conectados, violentos o víctimas, tradicionalistas o inventores, y en cambio, como una mezcla que abarca todos estos ejes de identidad. Show less
This thesis is a comparative study in the History of Modern Philosophy focused on the recourse to physiology on the part of two key figures, Spinoza and Nietzsche. This involves comparative... Show moreThis thesis is a comparative study in the History of Modern Philosophy focused on the recourse to physiology on the part of two key figures, Spinoza and Nietzsche. This involves comparative research into their emphatic appeal to the body as the key to solving fundamental philosophical problems. Both Spinoza and Nietzsche are thinkers of immanence and for both the turn to the body, which is part of their projects of naturalisation, is motivated by theoretical and practical goals. I argue that we can best understand the similarities and differences between their respective philosophical physiologies, and their broader philosophical positions, starting from their shared interest in power ontologies and their commitment to immanence and naturalism. Show less
Résumé de la thèse Cette thèse porte sur le rapport entre communication, pouvoir et violence au Tchad depuis la pénétration coloniale jusqu’à la période postindépendance. Les régions du Moyen... Show moreRésumé de la thèse Cette thèse porte sur le rapport entre communication, pouvoir et violence au Tchad depuis la pénétration coloniale jusqu’à la période postindépendance. Les régions du Moyen-Chari et du Guéra illustrent cette problématique structurant l’interaction communication, pouvoir et violence au Tchad. Ce territoire connut des violences multiformes liées à la mise en place et à l’usage des systèmes de communication. Pendant la colonisation, l’instauration de l’autorité coloniale sur ce vaste territoire avait nécessité la création des voies de communication dont les réalisations ont été dramatiques pour les populations paysannes. Celles-ci étaient astreintes aux corvées de portage des matériels militaires et des travaux forcés. Pendant, les guerres civiles postindépendances, les systèmes de communication ont été intégrés dans les stratégies de violences. Les routes et les divers moyens de l’information et de transport constituent des enjeux stratégiques pour lesquels les forces militaires en guerre projettent la violence sur les populations rurales. Les nouvelles technologies de l’information et de communication révolutionnent l’organisation des forces rebelles et les stratégies de guerre au Tchad sans exclure les violences sur les populations. Cependant, les guerres civiles successives ont gravement impacté sur la conduite de l’appareil étatique tchadien. Show less
The objective of this socio-historical study is to contribute to a better and fuller insight in the development of Curaçao society in the twentieth century. The question that lies at the heart of... Show moreThe objective of this socio-historical study is to contribute to a better and fuller insight in the development of Curaçao society in the twentieth century. The question that lies at the heart of this study was: What was the influence of the Catholic Church in the development of Curaçao society in the period in which this society was strongly in the process of industrialization and modernization and that subsequently made the transition to democracy, self-government and therewith to citizenship? A considerable part of this study is based on literature and archival research, conducted in both Curaçao and the Netherlands, supplemented with the analysis of existing oral history material and the execution of targeted additional interviews. These additional interviews were conducted for greater knowledge and to illustrate, substantiate or clarify a specific situation. The study focuses on the development of society and therein specifically on the position of the Catholic, predominantly Afro-Curaçaoan, population. Show less
This dissertation focuses on the determinants and consequences of leaders’ punishment goals. I investigate how and why leaders rely on certain punishment goals, and how and why leaders’... Show moreThis dissertation focuses on the determinants and consequences of leaders’ punishment goals. I investigate how and why leaders rely on certain punishment goals, and how and why leaders’ reliance on such punishment goals affects punishment effectiveness. Specifically, in this dissertation I demonstrate that—with increasing power over others—leaders rely more on punishment goals that are suboptimal in promoting rule compliance. I demonstrate that power fosters a distrustful mindset towards people, which increases reliance on deterrence—but not just deserts as a punishment goal. Using deterrence—as opposed to just deserts—as a justification for punishments, in turn, decreases people’s willingness to comply with rules because people feel distrusted by the leader. Finally, leaders' reliance on suboptimal punishment goals can be explained by their motivation to maintain power over others. Although power may thus increase leaders’ reliance on punishments to deter rule-breaking behavior, paradoxically, this may at times decrease the effectiveness of the punishment. Show less
De stad Zutphen is een van de oudste steden van Nederland. De site representeert niet alleen een stadskern van regionaal en nationaal belang. Door de historische context en archeologische... Show moreDe stad Zutphen is een van de oudste steden van Nederland. De site representeert niet alleen een stadskern van regionaal en nationaal belang. Door de historische context en archeologische verschijningsvorm moet de vindplaats Zutphen van internationaal belang worden geacht. Sinds 2002 heeft het plein 's-Gravenhof de status van archeologisch rijksmonument. De komende decennia zullen uit opgravingen weinig nieuwe gegevens beschikbaar komen. Daarom was het een geschikt moment om alle beschikbare gegevens uit oud onderzoek toegankelijk te maken en te analyseren. De bij de uitwerking betrokken onderzoeken zijn de opgravingen op het plein 's-Gravenhof in 1946 en 1999, de opgravingen tijdens de restauratie van Huize van de Kasteele in 1993 - 1995 en de opgravingen in de historische kelders en de bouwput van het nieuwe stadhuis (1996-1997). De opgravingen zijn nu uitgewerkt en er zijn tal van deelonderzoeken uitgevoerd (uitvoerig zoölogisch onderzoek, 14C-dateringen, analyse van de structuren in de opgraving Zutphen-Stadhuis, grondradaronderzoek op het plein). In de publicatie wordt uitvoerig aandacht besteed aan de analyse en interpretatie van de sporen en vondsten, maar ook de historische context waarin deze geplaatst moeten worden. De nadruk in het onderzoek ligt op de periode 850 tot 1200 AD. Vooral de beschrijving, fasering en datering van de resten van een grote tufstenen aula staan centraal. Dat heeft geresulteerd in een nieuwe reconstructie van het imposante romaanse gebouw. De belangrijkste vraag betreft de status van de site Zutphen: was het een koningspalts of niet? En wie liet het tufstenen complex bouwen? En waarom? Show less
This dissertation aims to compare the interpersonal effects of different negative emotions in negotiations, by focusing on two of the most often communicated and experienced emotions in... Show moreThis dissertation aims to compare the interpersonal effects of different negative emotions in negotiations, by focusing on two of the most often communicated and experienced emotions in negotiations: anger and disappointment. The results of four empirical chapters show that anger is an emotion that communicates power. Opponents in negotiations give in to angry negotiators to avoid negative consequences such as impasse. When opponents do not have to care about these negative consequences, anger backfires. Disappointment, on the other hand, is an emotion that communicates weakness. Opponents give in when this communicated weakness evokes guilt. When it does not evoke guilt, communicating disappointment backfires. Neuroimaging results have also shown that the communication of anger, more so than the communication of disappointment, evokes a concern for the self in opponents. This dissertation thus not only shows that the interpersonal effects of anger and disappointment differ, but also what their underlying mechanisms are and what the different consequences are for behavior. By taking a close look at how these two emotions affect others’ behavior and underlying neural mechanisms, this dissertation provides a more in-depth view of the social functions of negative emotions. Show less
The effects of team composition and conflict on team outcomes have been largely contradictory. In this dissertation, I strive to unravel these relationships through better incorporating two key... Show moreThe effects of team composition and conflict on team outcomes have been largely contradictory. In this dissertation, I strive to unravel these relationships through better incorporating two key factors when understanding relationships between team composition, conflict, and team outcomes - the role of individual differences in perceptions and behaviors and the role of power as a critical determinant of team compositions. Using a mixture of field and laboratory data, I show that understanding individual differences and team-level power structures may shed more light on the relationships between team composition, conflict, and team outcomes. Show less
