Allergic rhinitis caused by pollen exposure is one of the most common allergic diseases. Therefore monitoring pollen levels in ambient air is an important tool in research and health care. Most... Show moreAllergic rhinitis caused by pollen exposure is one of the most common allergic diseases. Therefore monitoring pollen levels in ambient air is an important tool in research and health care. Most European monitoring stations collect airborne pollen at rooftop levels for measurements in the larger surrounding of the sampling station, and not in the direct environment of sensitized subjects. Here we present the development and evaluation of a por table pollen sampler, called "Pollensniffer", that was designed to collect pollen in the immediate environment of allergic subjects. Validation of the Pollensniffer against the standard volumetric pollen sampler showed for most pollen types high correlations between the number of pollen collected by those two devices (Spearman's Correlation Coefficient > 0.8); the Pollensniffer appeared to collect on average 5.8 times more pollen per hour than the static sampler. Pollen monitoring was performed using this Pollensniffer at street level at 3 different locations in the city of Leiden during 22 weeks in 2017 and 21 weeks in 2018, during three 15-min periods a day and at one day in the week. The results showed that the pollen levels for birch and grass pollen can significantly differ from location to location and per time of day. Furthermore, the Pollensniffer measurements at street level showed that birch and grass pollen grains were detected 1 1/2 and 2-3 weeks, respectively, before detection at rooftop level. The street measurements show that allergic subjects can encounter varying pollen levels throughout the city and that they can be exposed to grass and birch pollen and may experience hay fever symptoms, even before the sampler at rooftop level registers these pollen. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V Show less
