The endurance running hypothesis proposes that the anatomical features observed in the genus Homo evolved to increase long distance running capabilities. Proponents of this theory argue that the... Show moreThe endurance running hypothesis proposes that the anatomical features observed in the genus Homo evolved to increase long distance running capabilities. Proponents of this theory argue that the need for nutrient-dense high quality food packages to sustain a larger brain and body size would require Homo to a suite of anatomical features that would allow running over sustained periods of time. This paper investigates the skeletal indicators associated with endurance running within the fossil hominin archaeological record. Data on the character of these skeletal indicators in Plio-Pleistocene hominins was analysed from the literature. A complete suite of anatomical features related to endurance running is not seen until Homo ergaster at 1.8 million years ago. However, a mosaic of these features is present in earlier Australopiths. This, combined with the lack of evidence for long range projectile weapons in the Pleistocene, indicates notion that anatomical changes observed in early Homo evolved to increase running capabilities. Show less
