The central CB2 receptor represents a promising target for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases as CB2 activation mediates anti-inflammatory effects. Recently, the F-18 labeled PET... Show moreThe central CB2 receptor represents a promising target for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases as CB2 activation mediates anti-inflammatory effects. Recently, the F-18 labeled PET radiotracer [F-18]7a was reported, which shows high CB2 affinity and high selectivity over the CB1 subtype but low metabolic stability due to hydrolysis of the amide group. Based on these findings twelve bioisosteres of 7a were synthesized containing a non-hydrolysable functional group instead of the amide group. The secondary amine 23a (K-i = 7.9 nM) and the ketone 26a (K-i = 8.6 nM) displayed high CB2 affinity and CB2:CB1 selectivity in in vitro radioligand binding studies. Incubation of 7a, 23a and 26a with mouse liver microsomes and LC-quadrupole-MS analysis revealed a slightly higher metabolic stability of secondary amine 23a, but a remarkably higher stability of ketone 26a in comparison to amide 7a. Furthermore, a logD(7.4) value of 5.56 +/- 0.08 was determined for ketone 26a by micro shake-flask method and LC-MS quantification. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. Show less
Stenstrom, I.; Maaniitty, T.; Uusitalo, V.; Pietila, M.; Ukkonen, H.; Kajander, S.; ... ; Saraste, A. 2017
Recently, the development of the fluorinated PET tracer [F-18]1a for imaging of CB2 receptors in the central nervous system was reported. [F-18]1a showed high CB2 affinity and selectivity over the... Show moreRecently, the development of the fluorinated PET tracer [F-18]1a for imaging of CB2 receptors in the central nervous system was reported. [F-18]1a showed high CB2 affinity and selectivity over the CB1 subtype, but rapid biotransformation in mice. In addition to the amide hydrolysis, oxidative N-dealkylation and carbazole oxidation were postulated as main metabolic pathways. Based on these results, novel carbazole derivatives with additional 6-substituents (23a, 24a), modified hydrogenation state (26a) and enlarged fluoroalkyl substituent (13a, 13b) were synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated. The key step in the synthesis of substituted carbazoles 23a, 24a and 26a was a Fischer indole synthesis. Nucleophilic substitution of tosylated lactate 5 by carbazole anion provided the fluoroisopropyl derivatives 13a and 13b. Partial hydrogenation of the aromatic carbazole system (26a) was not tolerated by the CB2 receptor. A methylsulfonyl moiety in 6-position (24a) led to considerably reduced CB2 affinity, whereas a 6-methoxy moiety (23a) was well tolerated. An additional methyl moiety in the fluoroethyl side chain of la resulted in fluoroisopropyl derivatives 13 with unchanged high CB2 affinity and CB2: CB1 selectivity. Compared with the fluoroethyl derivative 1a, the carbazole N-atom of the fluoroisopropyl derivative 13a (K-i(CB2) = 2.9 nM) is better shielded against the attack of CYP enzymes as formation of N-oxides was not observed and N-dealkylation took place to a less amount. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. Show less
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